25 Notes

Chapter 1: The Rise of the Father of China

‘Drive out the Manchus': Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 4–5;?Cuiheng and family poverty: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 74; Sun, Victor, p. 24; Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds., p. 513

against sister's foot-binding: Linebarger, Paul, pp. 79–81; Sun Hui-fen, p. 18;?such a thing as ‘thinking': Miyazaki, Toˉten 1977, p. 7

‘a wonder-house': Linebarger, Paul, p. 116;?school life in Hawaii: Sun, Victor, pp. 79, 89–92; Linebarger, Paul, pp. 122–31; Chung Kun Ai, p. 106; Wong, J. Y. 2012, pp. 193–224

despoiling the North God: Chan, Luke and Taylor, Betty Tebbetts, pp. 3, 12–13, 147–8

1884: registered at the Central School, marriage to Mu-zhen, baptised: Sun, Victor, pp. 86–7, 98–9; Hager, Charles R., pp. 382–3;?changed his name to Yat-sen: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 36;?did not believe in God: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 1, p. 265; Epstein, Israel, pp. 42–3;?at Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 46–7; Chen Shao-bai, p. 5;?diploma not recognised: Schiffrin, Harold Z., p. 30, Sheng Yong-hua et al. eds., p. 70

‘the Second Hong': Chen Shao-bai, pp. 6, 8

Soong Charlie and Sun: Sun Yat-sen,?Collected Works, Chapter 8 of?The Sun Theory, 1919/06, http://sunology.culture.tw/cgibin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpusands=id=%22CS0000000030%22.andsearchmode=basic [inactive]; Letter to Li Xiao-sheng, 1912/04/14, http://sunology.culture.tw/cgibin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpus&s=id=%22TG0000001329%22.andsearchmode=basic [inactive]

many wary of Sun: Tse Tsan Tai, p. 4; ‘Let me deal with Yeung': Chen Shao-bai, p. 29

Sun fleeing Canton: Deng Mu-han; cf. Wong, J. Y. 2012, pp. 587–93; Chen Shao-bai, pp. 29–30;?newspapers blasted him: Wong, J. Y. 2012, pp. 574, 578

Dr James Cantlie: Cantlie, Neil and Seaver, George, pp. xxv, xxviii; Cantlie, James and Sheridan, Charles Jones, p, 18; interview with his grandson Hugh Cantlie, 12 April 2016

‘like a poisonous snake': Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 110

Slater's Detective Association reports: Luo Jia-lun, pp. 100–76

Cantlie's testimony: The National Archives, London, UK, FO 17/1718, p. 122;?‘Well, I suppose you are': The National Archives, London, UK, FO 17/1718,?p. 121;?Sun came to the conclusion: Luo Jia-lun, pp. 45, 48–9; The National Archives, London, UK, FO 17/1718, pp. 119–21

Dr Patrick Manson: The National Archives, London, UK, FO 17/1718, p. 122

Sun's detention and release: Luo Jia-lun; The National Archives, FO 17/1718, pp. 9–498; Cantlie, Neil and Seaver, George, pp. 103–5; Cantlie, James and Sheridan, Charles Jones, pp. 43–4; cf. Sun Yat Sen,?Kidnapped in London; Chen Shao-bai, pp. 34–5

note?Luo Jia-lun, pp. 53, 61

‘accosted…and compelled to enter':?The West Australian, 26 October 1896;?‘it was done in a friendly manner': The National Archives, London, UK, FO 17/1718, p. 120;?‘that troublesome friend of yours': Cantlie, Neil and Seaver, George, p. 107

‘I get what I want': Chan, Luke and Taylor, Betty Tebbetts, p. 171

Triad revolt 1900: Yang Tian-shi 2007, pp. 221–5, pp. 212–13; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 232, 244–9; Hsu Chieh-lin, pp. 21–4

repeated setbacks: Papers of 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Hatfield House Archives/3M/B24;?Empress Dowager Cixi: Chang, Jung 2013;?‘a thousand?li?a day': Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 346;?Dr Charles Hager: Hager, Charles R., pp. 385–6

colleagues accused him: Yang Tian-shi 2007, pp. 272–312; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 469–76;?New York Times?observed:?New York Times,?2 October 1910

he told the newspapers: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 558–9, 568;?Sun cabled Huang: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 557;?He also claimed: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 558–9, 590–9; Zhang Tai-yan, p. 18

Chapter 2: Soong Charlie: A Methodist Preacher and a Secret Revolutionary

Charlie born in 1861: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling, and Shanghai Association for Soong Ching-ling Studies eds. 2013a, p. 1;?about fourteen years old: Fifth Avenue United Methodist Church Archives

comments about Charlie: Burke, James, p. 13; Haag, E. A., pp. 30–1

Charlie's letter to his father: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, pp. 281–2;?Letters between Charlie and Dr Allen: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, pp. 281–5, Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling, and Shanghai Association for Soong Ching-ling Studies eds. 2013a, p. 7

John C. Orr recalled:?World Outlook, April 1938, p. 8;?‘with the greatest respect': Haag, E. A., p. 79;?Jerome Dowd noticed: Charlie Soong at Trinity College;?Bishop McTyeire to Dr Allen: Burke, James, p. 17;?People remembered Charlie: Haag, E. A., pp. 74–9; Charlie Soong at Trinity College; Hahn, Emily, 2014b, p. 8

Charlie's letter in 1882: Charlie Soong at Trinity College;?Ella Carr: Haag, E. A., pp. 50–1;?To Miss Annie: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, pp. 287–8

May-ling remembered: Soong May-ling 1955, p. 34;?Observations of Charlie: Haag, E. A., pp. 48–9

Allen to Bishop McTyeire: Burke, James, pp. 31–2

dealing with Allen: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, pp. 288–9;?other problems confronting Charlie: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects?of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, p. 288–90; Haag, E. A., p. 91; Burke, James, pp. 32–3

‘I knew my mother': Soong May-ling 1934, p. 131;?‘there was a strength of character': Charles Jones Soong Reference Collection;?jokey notice: Haag, E. A., p. 118;?Bill Burke's memory: Burke, James, pp. 43–4

‘a very congenial couple': Charles Jones Soong Reference Collection;?‘My reason for leaving': Haag, E. A., pp. 127–8;?‘can never be Chinese enough': Burke, James, p. 43;?did not like Chinese food: Hahn, Emily 2014b, p. 24; Haag, E. A., p. 111;?Ei-ling's description: Hahn, Emily 2014b, p. 24

‘gained the impression': Charles Jones Soong Reference Collection

sending Sun money over the years: Charles Jones Soong Reference collection; Sun Yat-sen,?Collected Works, Chapter 8 of?The Sun Theory, 1919/06,?http://sunology.culture.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpusands=id=%22CS0000000030%22.andsearchmode=basic, Letter to Li Xiao-sheng, 1912/04/14,?http://sunology.culture.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpusands=id=%22TG0000001329%22.andsearchmode=basic;?‘vile criminal': Zhang Zhu-hong;?‘I know no man': Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, p. 295;?Charlie revealed his secret to Mrs Roberts: Charles Jones Soong Reference Collection

Chapter 3: Ei-ling: A ‘Mighty Smart' Young Lady

Ei-ling to McTyeire School: Hahn, Emily 2014b, pp. 22–9

‘a dreamy and pretty child': Hahn, Emily 2014b, p. 22

‘As a child': Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 1, p. 265

May-ling childhood: Hahn, Emily 2014b, pp. 35–6

Family life: Hahn, Emily 2014b, pp. 22–6, 40; Burke, James, p. 161; Soong May-ling 1934, p. 131

Ei-ling journey to America: Burke, James, pp. 157–68; Clark, Elmer T., pp. 46–8; Hahn, Emily 2014b, p. 42;?http://www.wesleyancollege.edu/about/soongsisters.cfm

Ei-ling at Wesleyan: Burke, James, pp. 166–8; Wesleyan College Archives and Special Collections: Soong Sisters, ‘article – undated, 2/10', ‘Sketches – Questionnaire Replied –?Circa?1943', ‘Sketches – College – undated, 2/8', ‘Publication by – Ei-ling “My Country and Its Appeal” – undated, Box Folder 5'

Ei-ling ‘scolding' May-ling: Wesleyan College Archives and Special Collections, ‘Sketches – Questionnaire Replied –?Circa?1943';?‘undoubtedly the most brilliant mind': 13 September 1917, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?The Japanese Girl: Burke, James, p. 168

‘a coward': in Wong, J. Y. 2005, p. 318;?George Morrison reported: Lo Hui-Min, vol. 1, pp. 666, 721;?‘A revolution does not depend on money': Sun Yat-sen,?Collected Works, interview with the?Dalu?newspaper in Shanghai, 1911/12/25,?http://sunology.culture.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpusands=id=%22TL0000000138%22.andsearchmode=basic

one from Fujian: CPPCC 1981, vol. 6, p. 250;?Tao Cheng-zhang: Yang Tian-shi 2007, pp. 298–9; Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 1, pp. 3–12; Chiang Kai-shek (The Second Historical Archives of China ed.), pp. 17–18

Huang Xing, and the assassin: Huang Xing (Mao Zhu-qing ed.), pp. 181–5, 237–8; Miyazaki, Toˉten 1977, pp. 53–63

Sun conceded to arrangement before voting: Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds., pp. 779–80; CPPCC 1981, vol. 1, pp. 117–9; Huang Xing (Mao Zhu-qing ed.), p. 245;?Sun publicly pledged to step down: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 615;?‘Why do you not want peace talks?': CPPCC 1981, vol. 1, p. 118; cf. Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 633;?15 million yuan: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 647–8

failed to move capital to Nanjing: Gu Li-juan and Yuan Xiang-fu, vol. 1, pp. 188–92; CPPCC 1981, vol. 1, pp. 119–20

John Cline's description: Burke, James, p. 179;?William Donald's account: Selle, Earl Albert, pp. vii, 134, 139;?Tongues began to wag: Huang San-de, p. 8

Ei-ling deferential towards Mu-zhen: Huang San-de, p. 8;?Luke Chan helped Sun family: Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds., pp. 518; Chan, Luke and Taylor, Betty Tebbetts, p. 22; cf. Wong, J. Y. 2012, pp. 552–4;?Friends heard him say: Miyazaki, Toˉten 1977, pp. 30, 130

Mu-zhen and Sun's mother miserable: Chan, Luke and Taylor, Betty Tebbetts, pp. 187–8;?what comforted the women: Sun, Victor, pp. 360–6, 398

hung his head: Miyazaki, Toˉten 1977, p. 141;?‘behaved badly': Huang San-de, p. 8

Cui-fen: Sun, Victor, pp. 344, 407–21; Miyazaki, Toˉten 1977, p. 130; Huang San-de, p. 8

Sun vetoed Ah Mi nomination: Sun, Victor, pp. 289–91

Chapter 4: China Embarks on Democracy

Lord William Gascoyne-Cecil: Gascoyne-Cecil, Lord William, p. 274

Cix committed to constitutional monarchy: Archives of Ming and Qing dynasties ed., vol. 1, pp. 43–4, 54–68; vol. 2, pp. 627–37, 667–84, 671–3, 683–4; Chang, Jung 2013, Chapter 29;?1909 provincial elections: Gu Li-juan and Yuan Xiang-fu, vol. 1, pp. 2–5; Archives of Ming and Qing dynasties ed., vol. 1, pp. 667ff; Zhang Peng-yuan 1979, pp. 364–8; Chang, David Cheng, p. 196;?‘acting parliament': Gu Li-juan and Yuan Xiang-fu, vol. 1, pp. 88, 119–20, 156, 186–92

1913 general election: Gu Li-juan and Yuan Xiang-fu, vol. 1, pp. 2–16; Zhang Peng-yuan 2013, p. 76–110; Zhang Peng-yuan 1979, pp. 364–70; Chang, David Cheng, p. 215;?French scholar concluded: Bergère, Marie-Claire, p. 226;?members of first parliament: Gu Li-juan and Yuan Xiang-fu, vol. 1, p 523; Zhang Peng-yuan 1979, pp. 398–447; K'ung Hsiang-hsi, p. 39

assassination attempt on Yuan: Wu Chang-yi ed., pp. 18–19;?‘would catch sight': Selle, Earl Albert, p. 134;?core of this request: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 764, 773, 778, 782

Donald described: Selle, Earl Albert, pp. 135–6;?Yuan countered: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 757–8, 782

Mu-zhen car accident: Chen Peng Jen, pp. 107–8; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 784–7

Song's last words to ‘President Yuan': Song Jiao-ren (Chen Xu-lu ed.), p. 496;?‘must have given the order': K'ung Hsiang-hsi, pp. 36–7;?‘snake': Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 189

Chapter 5: The Marriages of Ei-ling and Ching-ling

he saw Mrs Roberts: Charles Jones Soong Reference Collection;?H.H. Kung met Ei-ling: K'ung Hsiang-hsi; Lo Hui-Min, vol. 2, pp. 478–9; Yu Xin-chun and Wang Zhen-suo eds., pp. 283, 299; Shou Chong-yi ed., pp. 42–3, 57, 77, 82

H.H. and Ei-ling steered away from Sun: K'ung Hsiang-hsi, pp. 36–43; Lo Hui-Min, vol. 2, pp. 478–80;?Ei-ling wedding: Hahn, Emily 2014b, pp. 80–1

Ching-ling's contemporaries remembered:?Wesleyan College Archives and Special Collections: ‘Sketches – Questionnaire Replied –?Circa?1943', ‘Sketches – College – undated, 2/8', ‘article – undated, 2/10'

‘I am taking a box': Hahn, Emily 2014b, p. 77;?‘I…went from dinners': Epstein, Israel, p. 7;?‘He was made of stern stuff': Epstein, Israel, p. 36;?to Allie Sleep: Rosholt, Malcolm, pp. 112–15

about missionaries: Epstein, Israel, pp. 7, 42–3;?‘I just can't get Ching-ling': Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 67;?Ching-ling teasing Sun: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, pp. 293–5

Parents against marriage: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, p. 295; Epstein, Israel, pp. 38–9

Japanese surveillance records: Yu Xin-chun and Wang Zhen-suo eds., pp. 466–7

Ching-ling wedding: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 4, pp. 101–5; Yu Xin-chun and Wang Zhen-suo eds., pp. 78–80; Epstein, Israel, pp. 40–3; Yu Xin-chun and Wang Zhen-suo eds., p. 467; Rosholt, Malcolm, p. 116

to Israel Epstein: Epstein, Israel, p. 41;?Charlie never forgave Sun: Lo Hui-Min, vol. 2, pp. 477–9; Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, p. 295; Burke, James, p. 181

‘I am so absent-minded': Rosholt, Malcolm, p. 115;?carved dragon: Lin Ke-guang et al., p. 16

Sun eager to exploit Yuan's vulnerability: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 976, 983–91; Sun Yat-sen,?Collected Works, letter to Shanghai comrades, 1916/03/3,?http://sunology.culture.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpus&s=id=%22TG0000001651%22.andsearchmode=basic

The assassination of Chen: Chen Qi-mei (Mo Yong-ming and Fan Ran eds.), pp. 426ff; Sun Yat-sen,?Collected Works,?letter to Huang Xing, 1916/05/20,?http://sunology.culture.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpus&s=id=%22TG0000001707%22.&searchmode=basic

After he was shot dead: Chiang Kai-shek (Chin Hsiao-i ed.), vol. 1, pp. 22–3; Sun Yat-sen,?Collected Works, cable of condolences to the family of Chen Qui-mei, 1916/05,?http://sunology.culture.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpus&s=id=%22TG0000001718%22.&searchmode=basic; request for a state burial for Chen Qi-mei, 1916/05,?http://sunology.culture.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpus&s=id=%22TG0000001794%22.&searchmode=basic;?Ching-ling jumped onto next ship: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 89–90

Chapter 6: To Become Mme Sun

Li no burning ambition: Sun Yat-sen,?Collected Works, letter to Dai De-lu (James Deitrick), 1916/07/05, http://sunology.culture.tw/cgibin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpusands=id=%22TG0000001744%22.andsearchmode=basic [inactive]; Li Yuan-hong (Zhang Bei ed.), pp. 36–8, 53;?Li offer, Sun turned it down: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 1004–5;?‘You must be careful': p. 1010;?Documents from German archives: Li Guo-qi, p. 323; cf. Wang Jian and Chen Xian-chun

Germany money to Sun: Li Guo-qi, pp. 325–6; Wilbur, C. Martin, pp. 93–4; Tang Rui-xiang, pp. 10–13

note?Wilbur, C. Martin, pp. 93–4

‘provisional president' – ‘grand marshal':?Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 1051–3; Zhang Tai-yan, pp. 32–3; Tang Rui-xiang, pp. 26–8;?naval chief Cheng Bi-guang: Luo Yi-qun, in CPPCC 1950s–, issue 4, pp. 9–10; issue 11, pp. 29–37; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 1089–92; Tang Rui-xiang, pp. 67, 90–1; Chen Jiong-ming (Chen Ding-yan ed.), pp. 475, 507;?People who saw him: Chen Peng Jen, pp. 117–19

‘completely and helplessly alone': Sun Yat-sen,?Collected Works, reply to Hong Kong businessman Chen Gengru, 1918, http://sunology.culture.tw/cgibin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpus&s=id=%22TG0000002243%22.&searchmode=basic [inactive];?‘the handsomest': Haag, E. A., p. 199;?George Sokolsky:?New York Times Magazine, 10 January 1932

The Sun Theory: Sun Yat-sen,?Collected Works, Chapter 5 of?The Sun Theory, 1919/06, http://sunology.culture.tw/cgibin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpusands=id=%22CS0000000025%22andsearchmode=basic [inactive]; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 1175–6;?‘Obey me': Hu Shih, vol. 5, p. 596;?May-ling to Emma Mills: 25 May 1919, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?Ching-ling to Allie: Rosholt, Malcolm, p. 117

‘I'll give you 500 guns': Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 105;?envoys to Germany: Li Guo-qi, pp. 327–9; Kriukov, Mikhail, pp. 69–87;?He implored Japan: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 1133

Major Magruder observed: 1 March 1921, microfilm publication M329, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of China, 1910–1929, Roll 26, file number: 893.00/3811–3975;?Major?Philean: 28 April 1922, microfilm publication M329, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of China, 1910–1929, Roll 29, file number: 893.00/4241–4440

Hsu resignation:?New York Times, 2 June 1922; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 1456–7; Tang Jia-xuan ed., p. 108; Tung, William L., pp. 186–7;?Sun press conference: Chen Jiong-ming (Chen Ding-yan ed.), vol. 1, pp. 507–9;?Sun fled ‘presidential palace': Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 1463–5; Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds., pp. 134–5; Tang Rui-xiang, p. 151

only ‘to reconnoitre': Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 1465

Ching-ling's experience: her article reproduced in Hahn, Emily 2014b, pp. 98–101; Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 122–4; Soong Ching-ling Memorial Committee ed., p. 25

‘several minutes after': Tang Rui-xiang, p. 163;?‘chatted and laughed': Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 1465–6;?Ching-ling suffered miscarriage: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 122; Epstein, Israel, p. 97;?close friends noticed: Hahn, Emily 2014b, p. 104

Emma Mills wrote: DeLong, Thomas A., pp. 52–3;?Snow recorded: Snow, Edgar, p. 88

‘look after' Ching-ling: Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds., p. 650;?‘Will you do me a great favour?': Rosholt, Malcolm, p. 118

Chapter 7: ‘I wish to follow the example of my friend Lenin'

messenger to Moscow's men:?Far Eastern Affairs, 1987, 2, p. 102; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 1472–3;?Sun messages to Moscow: Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, pp. 110, 166, 149, 213

2 million gold roubles annually: Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, pp. 217, 226; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 1567, 1623;?‘a leonine head': Soong May-ling 1977, pp. 8–9

Borodin wrote to Moscow:?Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 1698–9;?CCP founded in 1920: Chang, Jung and Halliday, Jon, Chapter 2;?‘I do not care': Wilbur, C. Martin, p. 146

Ching-ling government scholarship: Zhang Hai-lin, pp. 354–5

to Western observers: Tuchman, Barbara W., p. 87;?Life?magazine remarked:?Life,?vol. 8, no. 10;?‘China's honest warlord':?Time, 8 September 1924

‘the language of the colonialists': Epstein, Israel, p. 116

Ching-ling to Borodin:?Far Eastern Affairs, 30 June 2003 REA-No. 002, pp. 121–6;?‘preside over the country': Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 2042, 2048, 2052

Borodin told the Kremlin: Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, pp. 567–8;?Japanese government rejected Sun: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 2072–3

Borodin noticed the gloom: Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, p. 568;?‘a good man': K'ung Hsiang-hsi, p. 57;?Old Man Sun: Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, p. 572;?Zhang Zuo-lin: McCormack, Gavan, pp. 87–8, 253; Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds., p. 413; Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, p. 570

Sun illness and pain: Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, p. 568; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 2089; Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds., p. 649;?Ching-ling to Allie: Rosholt, Malcolm, p. 120

she was seen weeping: Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds., p. 650; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xu-lu and Hao Sheng-chao eds.), p. 325;?their last conversation: Lee Yung, in Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds., p. 650

Ei-ling and May-ling to Beijing: May-ling to Liao Cheng-zhi, 1982–8–17,?https://www.bannedbook.org/bnews/zh-tw/lishi/20120916/664998.html

Wang Jing-wei at Sun's deathbed: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xu-lu and Hao Sheng-chao eds.), pp. 323–6; Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 189; Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, pp. 574, 578; Ishikawa, Yoshihiro; Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 2125;?‘Deathbed Letter to Soviet Government': Ishikawa, Yoshihiro

On 11 March: Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 2130–2;?‘to prove that': Epstein, Israel, p. 135; Tang, Earnest, p. 100–2;?‘I wish to follow': Sun Yat-sen (Chen Xi-qi et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 2132

‘the Father of China': Li Gong-zhong, p. 234; Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 3, p. 386;?Nationalist propagandists: Li Gong-zhong, pp. 237–42;?‘no one else': Li Gong-zhong, pp. 165–70;?locals petitioned: Li Gong-zhong, pp. 128–9

Chapter 8: Shanghai Ladies

May-ling school days: Wesleyan College Archives and Special Collections: ‘article – undated, 2/10', ‘Sketches – Questionnaire Replied –?Circa?1943'; Pakula, Hannah, p. 25

‘how I used to cook': 22 June 1941,?T.V. Soong Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Box 61, folder no. 31; ‘Brother and I': 4 July 1917, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?first letter from Shanghai: 7 Aug. 1917, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

all other quotes of May-ling to Emma: 16 August 1917, 6 September 1917, 13 September 1917, 15 September 1917, 26 October 1917, 4 November 1917, 12 November 1917, 7 December 1917, 15 December 1917, 28 December 1917; 13 January 1918, 8 February 1918, 6 March 1918, 19 March 1918, 11 April 1918, 25 April 1918, 26 April 1918, 29 April 1918, 15 May 1918, 18 July 1918, 29 July 1918, 2 August 1918, 24 August?1918, 2 September 1918, 20 September 1918; 7 January 1919, 9 April 1919, 25 May 1919, 24 July 1919, 9 September 1919, 29 September 1919, 18 November 1919; 11 February 1920, 28 February 1920, 21 March 1920, 5 September 1920, 11 October 1920; 28 April 1921, 25 May 1921, 6 July 1921, 25 July 1921; Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

lifelong regret for May-ling: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 1, p. 366

about five foot three: interviews with Dr Jan Kung-ming, physician who treated May-ling in her last years; Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, p. 149

Chapter 9: May-ling Meets the Generalissimo

favourable attention of Sun: Chiang diary, 26 July 1943, in Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 1, p. 12;?Chiang kept distance from Sun: Chiang Kai-shek (The Second Historical Archives of China ed.), pp. 24–5, 63ff;?‘In my observation': 14 March 1924, Chiang Kai-shek (The Second Historical Archives of China ed.), p. 167;?Liao's reply: Chiang Kai-shek (The Second Historical Archives of China ed.), pp. 168–9

‘Chiang is an ordinary soldier': Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, pp. 383–5;?Liao told Borodin: Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, pp. 383–4;?Borodin was taken in: Zhang Ke, in Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling, and Shanghai Association for Soong Ching-ling Studies eds. 2013b, p. 629; Epstein, Israel, p. 192; Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1926–1927, vol. 1, p. 141

Chiang smokescreen: Chiang Kai-shek (The Second Historical Archives of China ed.), pp. 538–9; Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 1, pp. 130–1; Yang Tian-shi 2010, p. 337;?Russians misreading Chiang: Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1926–1927, vol. 1, pp. 169–88; Chiang Kai-shek (The Second Historical Archives of China ed.), pp. 528, 536–7, 540, 554

‘very much keener': 6 July 1921, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?Ei-ling anti-Communist: K'ung Hsiang-hsi, p. 54

Jennie's account of dinner party: Ch'en Chieh-ju (Eastman, Lloyd E. ed.), pp. 186–93

Ei-ling considered grande dame: 6 July 1921, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?May-ling to Emma: 12 Nov.1917, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

May-ling gave Chiang her address: Yang Tian-shi 2010, p. 340;?Chiang wrote in his diary: 2 July 1926, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?Ei-ling and T.V. reaction: Yang Tian-shi 2010, p. 341; Lu Fang-shang ed., p. 60

‘literally dragged me home': 21 April and 25 May 1921, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?H.H. attitude to Canton: K'ung Hsiang-hsi, p. 45;?Of Marshal Wu Pei-fu: K'ung Hsiang-hsi, p. 46;?with President Hsu Shih-chang: May-ling to Emma, 14 Nov.1918, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives; K'ung Hsiang-hsi, p. 45;?Kungs' life in Beijing: May-ling to Emma, 20 September 1918, 29 October 1918, 9 September 1926, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?Chiang rightly surmised: Yang Tian-shi 2010, p. 341;?‘New Strong Man':?New York Times, 14 November 1926

Vincent Sheean observed: Sheean, Vincent, pp. 218–19

May-ling appalled: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1977, pp. 5, 69–75;?‘May-ling, darling': Hahn, Emily 1955, p. 87;?conversations with Borodin: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1977, pp. 7, 60

‘fashionably gowned':?New York Times, 9 September 1927; Yang Tian-shi 2010, p. 346;?their engagement: Yang Tian-shi 2010, p. 347;?Meeting Mrs Soong: exhibit, The Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Taipei;?The wedding: May-ling to Emma, 24 January 1928, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives; Hahn, Emily 2014b, pp. 123–4

Chiang talks with Big Sister: 11 and 21 December 1927, Chiang diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?Chiang on Duan Qi-rui: Chiang Kai-shek (Chin Hsiao-i ed.), vol. 3, p. 996;?Ei-ling told Chiang off: 28 December 1927, Chiang diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?people close to them testify: e.g. Wu Kuo-Cheng, p. 15

Chapter 10: Married to a Beleaguered Dictator

a flaming row: 29 December 1927, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?‘rather agreed with her': 30 December 1927, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives

‘Here was my opportunity': Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1934, p. 133;?half of his victory: Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, 1928; Lu Fang-shang ed., p. 61

Marshal Wu Pei-fu: Gu Li-juan and Yuan Xiang-fu, vol. 3, pp. 1708–15; Koo, V. K. Wellington 2013, vol. 1, p. 287;?‘methods of struggle': Huang Xiu-rong et al. eds.,?1920–1925, p. 574;?‘thunderous silence': Tuchman, Barbara W., p. 151

he talked about how Sun's: 13 April 1931, in Yang Tian-shi 2002, p. 32;?English newsreel: YouTube:?https://youtube.com/watch?v=Mej3UnDDjoQ

‘so we revolutionaries': Sun Yat-sen,?Collected Works, speech on ‘tutelage', 1920/11/09,?http://sunology.culture.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/s1gsweb.cgi?o=dcorpusands=id=%22SP0000000734%22.andsearchmode=basic; Li Gong-zhong, p. 300;?Hu Shih wrote: Hu Shih, vol. 5, pp. 523, 579, 588; Yi Zhu-xian, pp. 292–322; Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 1, pp. 177–8

‘a reactionary': Hu Shih, vol. 5, p. 525;?Wellington Koo's mansion: Koo, V.K. Wellington, Columbia University Archives, Vol. 3, Part 2, Sect. H, J, pp. 304–5; Koo, V.K. Wellington 2013, p. 391; Koo (Madame Wellington Koo), pp. 152–4 ;?the Farmers' Bank: Chiang diary, 5 July 1934, in Lu Fang-shang ed., p. 64

note?Koo, V.K. Wellington, Columbia University Archives, Vol. 3, Part 2, Sect. H, J, p. 305

Assassination attempts and May-ling miscarriage: 24 August–6 September 1929, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives; Oursler, Fulton, pp. 350–3;?New York Times, 7 September 1929;?yet another nightmare: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 24–5

May-ling in Big War of Central China: Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, 1930; Yang Tian-shi 2010, pp. 357–8;?payments to the Young Marshal: May-ling to Chiang, 19 September 1930, Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence; Koo, V.K. Wellington, Columbia University Archives, Vol. 3, Part 1, Sect. E – G, p. 141; Koo, V.K. Wellington 2013, pp. 299–300; Yang Tian-shi 2010, pp. 357–8

Chiang to Ei-ling and Mrs Soong: Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, 1930–1;?Sun's old associates: K'ung Hsiang-hsi, pp. 74–7;?diaries are littered with: Lu Fang-shang ed., pp. 30, 34

In his own family:?Lu Fang-shang ed., pp. 28, 69;?Chen's two nephews: Wu Kuo-Cheng, pp. 16–17, 134, 190;?Ei-ling had Chiang's ear: Lu Fang-shang ed., p. 69; Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence,?passim;?‘do the minimum': Hu Shih, vol. 5, p. 588

note?Shou Chong-yi ed., p. 42; Snow, Edgar, p. 95

‘have no shame': Huang Zi-jin and Pan Guang-zhe, vol. 1, pp. 602–7

May-ling wrote in 1934: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1934, pp. 131–3;?when Mrs Soong died: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1955, pp. 10–11; cf. Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, 1931–2; Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling, and Shanghai Association for Soong Ching-ling Studies eds., 2013a, p. 127

assassination attempt on T.V.: Han Li-guan and Chen Li-ping, pp. 53–70;?North China Herald, 23 July 1931

other gunmen shot at Chiang:?New York Times, 30 July 1931; Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, 2 August 1931;?‘the depths of despair': Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1934, p. 133

Chapter 11: Ching-ling in Exile: Moscow, Berlin, Shanghai

Vincent Sheean on T.V.: Sheean, Vincent, pp. 194–5

Sheean on Ching-ling: Sheean, Vincent, p. 208;?‘the contrast between her': Snow, Edgar, p. 82

Borodin was also staying: Zhang Ke, in Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling, and Shanghai Association for Soong Ching-ling Studies eds. 2013b, p. 629; Epstein, Israel, pp. 206, 219

Ching-ling loved Moscow: Epstein, Israel, pp. 213, 224; Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation and China Welfare eds.), vol. 1, p. 60; Snow, Edgar, p. 94;?New York Times?report:?New York Times, 29 September 1927; Epstein, Israel, p. 207; Sheean, Vincent, p. 289

‘opportunism on both sides': Snow, Edgar, p. 85;?meeting with Stalin: Zhang Ke, in Epstein, Israel, p. 218–19;?The Comintern: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 1, p. 145; vol. 2, pp. 90–3;?Mrs Soong wrote: Li Yun, in Soong Ching-ling Memorial Committee ed., p. 206

Mao and others on Deng Yan-da: Mei Ri-xin and Deng Yan-chao eds., pp. 1, 245, 248; Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party Central Committee ed., p. 129; Deng Yan-da (Mei Ri-xin and Deng Yan-chao eds.), p. 127;?Yan-da meeting with Stalin: Zhang Ke, in Epstein, Israel, p. 217–18;?Yan-da views: Deng Yan-da (Mei Ri-xin and Deng Yan-chao eds.), pp. 261–2, 462;?Yan-da wrote Ching-ling: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 1, pp. 140–5; vol. 2, pp. 87–9

Ching-ling in Berlin: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation and China Welfare eds.), vol. 1, pp. 58–9; Epstein, Israel, pp. 219ff; Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 1, pp. 136–50; Liu Jia-quan, pp. 56–62; Mei Ri-xin and Deng Yan-chao eds., pp. 301–4;?letter to mother: Shanghai postmark 4 July 1928 (owner of this letter wishes to remain anonymous);?never felt so at home: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation and China Welfare eds.), vol. 1, p. 58

Yan-da about wife: Deng Yan-da (Mei Ri-xin and Deng Yan-chao eds.), pp. 452, 459, 472, 480

Yan-da goodbye to Ching-ling: Mei Ri-xin and Deng Yan-chao eds., p. 6;?‘Falling in Love Again': Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.),?pp. 269–74;?‘Mother-in-law of the Country':?North China Herald, 28 July 1931;?French Concession police recorded: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 4, pp. 198–200

piece attacking Chiang: Hahn, Emily 2014b, pp. 138–9; Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, pp. 112–14; vol. 3, p. 199;?she wished to be in a country: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation and China Welfare eds.), vol. 1, p. 66;?with German Communists: Liu Jia-quan, pp. 146–8, 156–9, 179; Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation and China Welfare eds.), vol. 1, pp. 68–9

telegrams from her family: Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), pp. 27–8

‘I've come to mediate': Epstein, Israel, p. 258; Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party Central Committee ed., p. 143;?‘downfall': Soong Ching-ling 1992, pp. 83–6;?New York Times, Magazine, 10 January 1932;?Ching-ling joins the Comintern: Yang Kui-song 2003

I was smitten hard: Isaacs, Harold, p. 64;?Liao Cheng-zhi: article in?People's Daily, 29 May 1982; Yang Kui-song 2003

‘car accident' vetoed: Shen Zui, pp. 60–4; Ye Bang-zong, pp. 32–4;?sweet memories: interview with a member of May-ling's household in New York, 21 October 2015;?‘stood alone': Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, p. 163;?May-ling also sympathised: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, p. 564

Chapter 12: The Husband and Wife Team

‘considerably more tolerant': Yi Zhu-xian, pp. 349, 353;?Ching-ling helped push Hu: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 270–4; Yi Zhu-xian, pp. 348–55

‘May-ling Palace':?http://baike.baidu.com/view/64757.htm?fromtitle=宋美龄别墅andfromid=5176397andtype=syn#reference-[5]-64757–wrap;?https://baike.baidu.com/pic/美龄宫/1173649/0/29381f30e924b899e3e980d968061d950b7bf67e?fr=lemmaandct=single#aid=0andpic=a50f4bfbfbedab648ab61d20f136afc378311e0

‘nothing but a little village': Hahn, Emily 2014b, p. 126;?Chiang would miss her: Lu Fang-shang ed., pp. 22, 71–3, 80;?in vacated Red areas: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1934, p. 134; Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1935a, pp. 75–8

Ei-ling stepped into mother's role: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1955, pp. 11, 29;?‘I was driven back': Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1934, pp. 133–4

launching New Life Movement: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1935b, pp. 355–7;?‘old, dirty, and repulsive': Leonard, Royal, p. 110;?‘more disturbed': Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1934, p. 131;?‘if a man were sloppy': Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1935b, p. 357

Hu Shih wrote:?Duli Pinglun, Issue 95, 8 April 1934; Hu Shih, vol. 11, pp. 419–22;?May-ling reaction: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1935b, p. 355; 1934, p. 134; Soong May-ling and Chiang Kai-shek, p. 44;?‘like the president': Gunther, John, p. 234

Christmas Day 1934:?Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1935a, p. 75; cf. Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1934, p. 131;?New Year's Eve: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1935a, p. 76

Chapter 13: Getting Chiang's Son Back from Stalin's Clutches

talk to Chiang about Ching-kuo release: Chiang Kai-shek (Chin Hsiao-i ed.), vol. 2, pp. 334–5

Ching-kuo in Russia: Chiang Ching-kuo, in Cline, Ray S.; Qi Gao-ru, pp. 7–9, 13–14, 365

Shao Li-tzu: People's University ed., pp. 81–3; CPPCC 1985, p. 241; Chang, Jung and Halliday, Jon, Index: Shao Li-tzu

Ei-ling suggestion and Chiang decision: 1 November 1930, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives; Chiang Kai-shek (Chin Hsiao-i ed.), vol. 2, p. 335

Ching-ling to Chiang about hostage swap: 16 December 1931, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives; Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 2, p. 56;?‘In the past few days': Yang Tian-shi 2002, pp. 373–4

‘showing signs of willingness': Chiang Kai-shek (Chin Hsiao-i ed.), vol. 3, p. 994;?Chiang requests for Ching-kuo release: Yang Tian-shi 2002, p. 375; Chiang Ching-kuo, in Cline, Ray S., pp. 178–9; Qi Gao-ru, pp. 365–70;?many documents in Russian Foreign Ministry files: interview with Jon Halliday

Kung–Bogomolov:?DVP, vol. 18 (1935), p. 438;?Chiang saw Bogomolov:?DVP, vol. 18 (1935), pp. 537–9;?Chen Li-fu, interview, 15 February 1993; AVPRF, 0100/20/184/11, pp. 11, 14–15

Chapter 14: ‘A woman protects a man'

May-ling spoke to Chinese ambassador: Jiang Ting-fu, p. 203;?descriptions of Young Marshal: Leonard, Royal, p. 21; Tuchman, Barbara W., p. 196

Young Marshal–CCP–Moscow: Chang, Jung and Halliday, Jon, Chapters 16 and 17

May-ling after Chiang detained: Soong May-ling and Chiang Kai-shek; Selle, Earl Albert, pp. 260, 306, 319–20; Li Jin-zhou ed., pp. 72–3; Yang Tian-shi 1998, p. 466

‘I would have done': Snow, Edgar, p. 94;?H.H. message to Stalin: Li Jin-zhou ed., p. 83

‘with good motives': Soong May-ling and Chiang Kai-shek, pp. 44–5

May-ling to Xian: Soong May-ling and Chiang Kai-shek, pp. 51–3;?Chiang–May-ling: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1955, pp. 13–14, 23; Soong May-ling and Chiang Kai-shek, pp. 54–5;?Young Marshal to May-ling: Soong May-ling and Chiang Kai-shek, pp. 56–7

Zhou En-lai in Xian: Chang, Jung and Halliday, Jon, Chapter 17;?message from Moscow to free Ching-kuo: Wang Bing-nan was by the door and heard this, unpublished memoir, cited in Han Su-yin, p. 154

Leonard recorded: Leonard, Royal, pp. 107–8;?‘I wanted to': Hahn, Emily 2014b, p. 207

Leonard saw that: Leonard, Royal, p. 108;?May-ling's account: Soong May-ling and Chiang Kai-shek;?Chen Li-fu and Dai Ji-tao: Yang Tian-shi 1998, pp. 464–9

to kill Chiang:?Central Archives ed., p. 213; Zhang Xue-liang (Zhang You-kun and Qian Jin, eds.), p. 1124

Chapter 15: Bravery and Corruption

Ei-ling setting up hospital: Hahn, Emily 2014b, pp. 218–19;?‘extraordinarily excited': Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 345;?May-ling visiting hospital: Selle, Earl Albert, pp. 339–40

Central University: Luo Jia-lun, pp. 141–53

‘avenge shame': Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?‘What a life!': 26 September and 12 December 1938, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

‘I am covered': Pakula, Hannah, p. 356;?‘raging infernos': 10 May 1939, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

French-grammar book: Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1955, p. 16;?May-ling about ‘our people': 10 May, 1 November and 10 November 1939, 10 April 1941, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives; Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1955, p. 17;?‘we shall fight on': 10 November 1939, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

Fort Bliss: Chennault, Anna, pp. 93–4

‘My God, that face': Alsop, Joseph W., p.174;?Chennault on May-ling: Chennault, Claire Lee, pp. 35, 54–5;?Sebie Biggs Smith: Smith, Sebie Biggs, Columbia University Archives, OHRO/PRCQ, No. 1392

a ‘squeeze': Pakula, Hannah, p. 290;?May-ling – Chiang cables: Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, p. 28

Her argument: Wu Kuo-Cheng, pp. 14–15, 183; Shou Chong-yi ed., pp. 79, 85

Kung's corrupt practice: K'ung Hsiang-hsi, pp. 128, 142–3; Shou Chong-yi ed.,?passim; I Fu-en, p. 130; Gunther, John, pp. 230–2

‘Mme Kung's voice shook': Hahn, Emily 2014b, p. 93;?$100 million: Shou Chong-yi ed., pp. 79–80, 84–5

Kung felt, he revealed: K'ung Hsiang-hsi, pp. 128–34

Donald–May-ling: Selle, Earl Albert, pp. 348–9

Jeanette's relationship with May-ling: interviews with Dr Jan Kung-ming, Jeanette's physician, who also treated May-ling; Chen Li-wen ed., 2014, pp. 111, 197–202; Shong Wen, pp. 150–8; Shou Chong-yi ed., pp. 28–9, 86–90, 104–5, 260

at a dinner party: Tuchman, Barbara W., p. 234;?A favourite retort: Hahn, Emily 2014b, p. 256;?Lauchlin Currie complained: Shou Chong-yi ed., p. 32;?H.H. cabled: K'ung Hsiang-hsi, p. 146;?Rosamonde: Shou Chong-yi ed., p. 12; Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), p. 422;?Ei-ling's conviction: Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), pp. 124–5

Chapter 16: Red Sister's Frustration

‘It is a matter': Soong Ching-ling 1952, p. 107

Evans Carlson: Epstein, Israel, pp. 344–6;?‘With co-workers': Epstein, Israel, p. 368;?Sir Stafford Cripps: Epstein, Israel, pp. 369–70

Edgar Snow: Snow, Edgar, pp. 85–90

dinner-dance restaurant:?Hahn, Emily 2014b, pp. 273–4

Wang blamed Chiang: Wang Jing-wei (Cai De-jin and Wang Sheng eds.), pp. 248–269

three sisters in Chongqing: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 405–9; May-ling to Emma, 7 and 9 May 1940, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives; Hahn, Emily 2014a, p. 170; 2014b, p. 284;?to Anna Wang: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 407–8; Epstein, Israel, pp. 334–5

‘stop suppressing': Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation and China Welfare eds.), vol. 1, p. 191;?on Yan-da: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, p. 434; Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party Central Committee ed., p. 130;?to T.V.: Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, p. 58

He cabled May-ling: Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, p. 58;?Ei-ling persuaded Ching-ling to leave: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, pp. 162–3; Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, p. 58;?‘the?Ta Kung Pao': Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, p. 58

The demonstrators shouted: Yang Tian-shi 2010, pp. 257–64;?Zhou En-lai to Mao: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 437–8;?‘The sisters are so kind': Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, p. 58; Hahn, Emily 2014a, p. 183;?‘not care about': Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, p. 58;?Ching-ling life in Chongqing: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation and China Welfare eds.), vol. 1, pp. 205–16; Epstein, Israel, p. 414

She told the Americans: Ambassador Gauss to the Secretary of State, 16 February 1944,?FRUS, vol. VI;?Stilwell sketch: Tuchman, Barbara W., pp. 94–5;?Stilwell diary: Epstein, Israel, pp. 396, 424

John Melby: Melby, John F., p. 121; ‘so Fifth Avenue': Epstein, Israel, pp. 418–19;?‘No stockings': Epstein, Israel, p. 415

about her sisters to Brazil: Epstein, Israel, pp. 401, 424; Ambassador Gauss to the Secretary of State, 16 February 1944,?FRUS, vol. VI;?Anna Wang commented: Epstein, Israel, p. 337

Chapter 17: Little Sister's Triumph and Misery

Wendell Willkie: Tuchman, Barbara W., p. 428; Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), vol. 1, pp. 216–17 (Ching-ling on Willkie);?‘I visualize': 14 January 1939, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

writing and rewriting speeches: interview with a member of May-ling's household in New York, 21 October 2015;?he was worried: Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, p. 30

silk sheets change: Tuchman, Barbara W., p. 448; Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, p. 648; cf. Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 2, p. 533;?complaints about David and Jeanette: DeLong, Thomas A., p. 184; Tuchman, Barbara W., p. 449;?David as her ‘secretary': Koo, V.K. Wellington, Columbia University Archives, Vol. 5, Part E, pp. 748, 806;?Chiang repeated entreaties: Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, pp. 29–30; Chiang diaries, in Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 2, p. 519

The day May-ling returned: 5 July 1943, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?gloom marred reunion: July 1943, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives; Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 2, pp. 533–42;?On the plane to Cairo: 20 and 21 November 1943, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution?Archives;?‘had a particularly thin time': 6 April 1944, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

Sir Alan Brooke: Alanbrooke, Viscount, pp. 471, 478;?Anthony Eden: Eden, Anthony, p. 424

‘This morning my wife': 26 November 1943, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?Winston Churchill: 22 November 1943, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?‘Over my dead body': Koo, V.K. Wellington, Columbia University Archives, Vol. 5, Part E, p. 794

‘What joy': 31 December 1943, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?Dr Moran: Moran, Lord, p. 151

‘The Chinese soldier': Tuchman, Barbara W., p. 246;?Roosevelt wrote Chiang: Tuchman, Barbara W., pp. 584–5, 600;?besieged by nightmares: Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 2, p. 536

‘an attempt to get away': Lattimore, Owen, p. 186;?approached member of mission: Lattimore, Owen, p. 186;?told her husband tearfully: Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 2, p. 536;?farewell party: Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 2, pp. 526–9;?Truman believed: Miller, Merle, p. 310;?‘her priceless sable': Pakula, Hannah, p. 504

with Emma in New York: DeLong, Thomas A., pp. 184–8; May-ling to Emma, 12 June 1946, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?Chiang wrote to her frequently: Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, pp. 30–3

corruption scandal: Yang Tian-shi 2008, vol. 2, pp. 449–66; Koo, V.K. Wellington, Columbia University Archives, Vol. 5, Part F, p. 847;?Emma noticed the mood: DeLong, Thomas A., pp. 184–90;?May-ling to Times Square: DeLong, Thomas A., p. 191

Chapter 18: The Downfall of the Chiang Regime

‘what is the noise about': date missing, August 1945, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?Mexican ambassador: date missing, August 1945, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives

‘come as summoned': 31 August 1945, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?‘I don't feel ready to go': DeLong, Thomas A., p. 191;?Mao in Chongqing: Chang, Jung and Halliday, Jon, Chapter 27; Chiang Kai-shek (Chin Hsiao-i ed.), vol. 5, p. 2681; interview with Chen Li-fu, 15 February 1993

Chiangs in Xichang: I Fu-en, pp. 111–12

Mao nervous breakdown: Chang, Jung and Halliday, Jon, Chapter 27;?Chiang toured the country: Wu Kuo-Cheng, pp. 1, 18–19; I Fu-en, p. 113; Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 1, pp. 289–90; vol. 2, p. 55

state-of-the-art C-54: I Fu-en, pp. 107–9; Epstein, Israel, p. 424;?‘slaves who have no country': Chang, Jung 1991, Chapter 4; Wu Kuo-Cheng, pp. 2–9, 38, 187

Wellington Koo reception: Koo, V.K. Wellington, Columbia University Archives, Vol. 5, Part F, pp. 861, 898; Tung, William L., p. 71;?T.V. lost faith in Chiang: Beal, John Robinson, pp. 341–2; Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, pp. 97–104;?Hua Shang Daily, 30 November 1947; Wu Kuo-Cheng, p. 189

Ei-ling will-like letter: Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), pp. 124–5

note?Professor Wu Jing-ping, in?Sun zhongshan soong chingling yanjiu dongtai?(News in the Studies of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling), 2006, issue 5, pp. 21–3; Shou Chong-yi ed., pp. 44, 61, 92–6,?passim; Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, p. 150

Her other messengers:?Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), p. 144

‘The last few months': 12 June 1946, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?John Beal recalled: Beal, John Robinson, pp. 100–1;?hankered for New York: 12 June, 31 August, 1 November 1946, 23 April 1947, 14 December 1948, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

outing to Hangzhou: Epstein, Israel, p. 473;?sending delicacies: Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), pp. 108, 144, 199

Barr commented: Topping, Seymour, p. 50;?Red moles: Chang, Jung and Halliday, Jon, Chapter 29

Big-Eared Du–David–May–ling: Yang Tian-shi 2014, pp. 203–19; Chiang Ching-kuo 2011, pp. 258–67

Chiang noted in his diary: November 1948, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives; Yang Tian-shi 2014, pp. 217

May-ling bitterly upset: 23 and 27 November 1948, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives; Yang Tian-shi 2014, pp. 217–18;?President Truman: Miller, Merle, p. 309;?‘Time and God': Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1955, p. 26;?‘I wish I could fly back': Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 1, p. 83; correspondence pp. 68–108; Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, pp. 34ff

May-ling suggested rashly: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 1, pp. 85–7;?Chiang–May-ling telegrams: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 1, pp. 77ff; Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, pp. 34ff;?Ei-ling ‘protest': Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1955, p. 23

1 December 1949: Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, p. 38;?‘I had accompanied': Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1955, pp. 23, 26;?‘I heard a Voice': Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1955, pp. 23–4, cf. pp. 13–14

‘listened to [her] report': 13 January 1950, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?legendary heroes: Reflection of the week, 1950, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives

Chapter 19: ‘We must crush warm-feeling-ism': Being Mao's Vice Chairman

May-ling to Red Sister: Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), p. 199;?Red Sister did not reply: Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), p. 421

‘The day…at last come!': Zheng Peng-nian, p. 237; Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 680;?Ching-ling declined to go to Beijing: Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), vol. 2, pp. 175, 203, 206; Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation and China Welfare eds.), pp. 62, 188–9; Zhou En-lai, vol. 1, pp. 18, 47;?‘for medical treatment': Zhou En-lai, vol. 1, pp. 47–54;?accepted the invitation: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 684; Zhou En-lai, vol. 1, pp. 47–54

‘how our homeland': Epstein, Israel, p. 479;?‘I am really getting': Epstein, Israel, p. 548

donated family properties: Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 148;?‘shameless falsification': Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial?Residence ed.), vol. 2, p. 227;?East German reception: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), p. 277;?Christmas party: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 279, 335

Edgar Snow: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation and China Welfare eds.), vol. 2, p. 292;?‘“burn” or “destroy”': e.g. Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), p. 288;?In ‘the Three Antis': Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 286, 289–90, 296–7;?‘the right-wing way': Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), p. 297

deeply upset: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 1, pp. 242, 269; cf. Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 930;?Ching-ling articles about Sun: Soong Ching-ling 1992, pp. 239–47; Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 1, p. 274

Ching-ling told what she should say and incensed: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 1, pp. 269, 274;?cousin of hers wrote: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 4, pp. 135–6;?she was not invited: Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 1, p. 242

chief bodyguard and his deputy: Tang Xiong 2006

Liu Shao-qi visits: Soong Ching-ling Memorial Committee ed., p. 187;?‘Dear Elder Sister': Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 917;?Sukarno of Indonesia: Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), p. 409; Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 943–8; Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 144;?Ching-ling–Ei-ling: Soong Ching-ling (Shanghai Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence ed.), pp. 421–2

‘the correct view': Soong Ching-ling 1992, vol. 2, p. 288

‘We must crush warm-feeling-ism':?People's Daily, 10 September 1957;?Backyard furnace: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 1012; Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 103;?‘I feel very tense': Li Yun;?to Anna Wang: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), p. 346

anxiety over her letters: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 348–53;?some complaints: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 358–9, 366–9;?Anna also sent her: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 346, 348, 356–8, 362

‘Let her finish her pee': Yolanda Sui's interviews,?http://history.sina.com.cn/bk/wgs/2015–004-13/1440118715.shtml;?https://v.qq.com/x/page/t0163kzni44.html; Tang Xiong 2006, p. 207

Chapter 20: ‘I have no regrets'

Yolanda–Mama: Yolanda interviews,?http://history.sina.com.cn/bk/wgs/2015–04-13/1440118715.shtml;?https://v.qq.com/x/page/t0163kzni44.html;

https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvMzM1OTQxNjQwLzEyMTA0MzY1MC5zaHRtbA==.html; Tang, Earnest, p. 119;?Yong-jie: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), p. 562; Tang Xiong 2006, pp. 163, 208

Mrs Sui: Tang Xiong 2006, pp. 168–9; Tang Xiong, in?Woodpecker?magazine, 2005, issue 7,?http://www.360doc.com/content/15/0113/22/7915662_440550733.shtml;

‘The news made': Shanghai Managing Committee of the Historical Objects of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling ed., vol. 1, p. 259;?Yolanda later remarked: yolanda?television interview with Lu Yu,?https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvMzM4NDUwMzYxLzExNzkwMTUzNS5zaHRtbA==.html

new chief bodyguard: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), p. 387; Tang Xiong 2006, pp. 194–5; Li Yun

Fearing the Red Guards: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), p. 648; Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 1179;?Anna Louise Strong: Epstein, Israel, p. 548;?Jin Zhong-hua: Zheng Peng-nian, pp. 270–3; Hua-ping

cousin Ni Ji-zhen: He Da-zhang, pp. 189–94;?‘partly responsible': Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 401–2

‘The truth is that his clothes': Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 1180;?saw adopted daughters: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 395–6; Tang Xiong 2006, pp. 204–8

China's ‘holocaust': Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 39;?‘It was good': Ching-ling to Paul Lin, 11 June 1972, Paul T. K. Lin Papers, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Archives;?Israel Epstein: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 452–3; cf. Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 74;?‘This is?no?way': Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 94;?‘They said she came': Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), p. 459;?Zhou smoothing her life: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 1249

Mao died: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 1263; Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 129;?‘have no regrets': Yolanda interviews on television,?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRrPJo1gAyk; with?Huanqiu Renwu?(Global Personalities),?http://history.sina.com.cn/bk/wgs/2015–04-13/1440118715.shtml;?Mao on Jiang Qing: Chang, Jung and Halliday, Jon, beginning of Chapter 47, and last para of Chapter 56

Ching-ling to friends: Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), pp. 167, 145; Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), p. 669

‘very relaxed': Yolanda interview with?Huanqiu Renwu?(Global Personalities),?http://history.sina.com.cn/bk/wgs/2015–04-13/1440118715.shtml;?her health problems: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 456–8;?doted on adopted daughters: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 516, 555–6, 595, 562, 602, 616, 670, etc.; Epstein, Israel, p. 591; Tang, Earnest, pp. 120–3; Yolanda interview with Lu Yu,?http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20160624/41628425_0.shtml; Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 115

Fox Butterfield: Butterfield, Fox, p. 130;?‘You are too late': Yolanda interview with?Huanqiu Renwu?(Global Personalities),?http://history.sina.com.cn/bk/wgs/2015–04-13/1440118715.shtml

‘I hope somebody eligible': Epstein, Israel, p. 592; Yolanda interview,?https://v.qq.com/x/page/t0163kzni44.html;?Yolanda wedding and after: Butterfield, Fox, p. 131; Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 663–70; Isaacs, Harold, p. 69; Yolanda interviews; Tang, Earnest, pp. 126–7;?protective about Yong-jie: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation et al. eds.), pp. 533, 555, 608–9, 618; Soong Ching-ling (China Welfare ed.), p. 186; Tang, Earnest, pp. 114, 123–5

Harold Isaacs wrote: Isaacs, Harold, pp. 69–72;?‘my Little Treasure': Yolanda interview with?Huanqiu Renwu?(Global Personalities),?http://history.sina.com.cn/bk/wgs/2015–04–13/1440118715.shtml; Tang, Earnest, p. 127

Mrs Liu said to her: Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 1430;?Little Sister refused to reply: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao?Li-ju eds.), p. 152;?‘astonished to discover': Isaacs, Harold, p. 73; cf. Tang, Earnest, p. 134

affection for natural family: Yolanda interviews,?https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvMzM4NDUwMzYxLzExNzkwMTUzNS5zaHRtbA==.html;?https://v.qq.com/x/page/t0163kzni44.html;?accused Snow: Tang, Earnest, p. 101

‘My Testament': Tang, Earnest, pp. 112–6, 140–1;?Yolanda and Yong-jie chief beneficiaries:?Shiji?(The Century), February 2008; Tang, Earnest, p. 127

Chapter 21: Taiwan Days

‘Why had the communists': Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek) 1955, p. 27–31

May-ling elated: to Emma, 25 July 1950, 26 January 1951, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?May-ling learning to paint: to Emma, 21 October 1951, Emma to May-ling, 11 February 1952, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

‘Chiang-style head': Weng Yuan (with Wang Feng), p. 61

The earlier pattern: Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, pp. 39ff;?Dr K.C. Wu: Wu Kuo-Cheng,?passim; Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, p. 41

‘painting, painting': 19 December 1953, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

told Emma wryly: 20 Feb. 1954, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives; cf. Chiang Kai-shek (Chin Hsiao-i ed.), vol. 8, pp. 3899–900; Chiang Kai-shek: Family Correspondence, p. 41

sobbed loudly in her dreams: 4 June 1951, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?Soviet Russia in China, Chiang Kai-shek 1957;?Rev. Chow Lien-hwa: Hu Zi-dan

Ching-kuo–May-ling: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 1, pp. 198ff; vol. 2, p. 4;?Emma noted in her diary: 28 December 1958, DeLong, Thomas A., p. 213;?‘the President's inauguration': 30 May 1960, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives

‘a very happy': 10 December 1962,?T.V. Soong Papers, Box 61, folder no. 31, Hoover Institution Archives;?‘perfect darlings': 14 July 1956, to T.V.,?T.V. Soong Papers,?Box 61, folder no. 31, Hoover Institution Archives;?Her photographer: Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 2, p. 485

‘change the colour': Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 2, pp. 295, 432–4; Weng Yuan (with Wang Feng), pp. 112–13

two sedan chairs: Weng Yuan (with Wang Feng), p. 155; Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 2, p. 490;?fancy planes: I Fu-en, pp. 109–11;?have staff fan him: Weng Yuan (with Wang Feng), p. 74

‘We are afflicted': Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, p. 92;?‘I am hopeful': 8 June 1972, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?Chiang hated Nixon violently: November 1971ff, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives; Yang Tian-shi 2014, pp. 217–18;?wrath towards David: 14 and 25 December 1971, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives; Yang Tian-shi 2014, p. 217;?‘The president is well': Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 1, pp. 252–3;?had a stroke: Shong Wen, pp. 118–19, 126; Weng Yuan (with Wang Feng), pp. 199–201, 233–8

‘You are my own flesh':?interview with a relative who wishes to remain anonymous;?tried to make David finance minister: Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 1, pp. 304, 338; vol. 2, p. 165

only wanted to be with Ching-kuo: January 1972ff, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives; Shong Wen, pp. 112, 120–1; Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 1, p. 256;?against May-ling and David: 17 and 26 March, 17 and 27 May, 12 June, 11 July 1972, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives; Yang Tian-shi 2014, pp. 268–9

‘vexation and annoyance': 20 July 1972, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?signalling David was not included: 21 July 1972, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?Chiang sank into a coma: Weng Yuan (with Wang Feng), pp. 208–10, 223–8;?May-ling breast cancer: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, p. 195; Shong Wen, p. 121; Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 1, p. 386;?When Chiang died, May-ling: Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 1, p. 615; vol. 2, p. 461; Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 45–6, 667;?In contrast, Ching-kuo: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 45–6; Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 1, p. 666; Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, p. 29

letters like these: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 1, pp. 326, 342–9;?It fell on May-ling: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 1, p. 366

Mao mourning Chiang: Chang, Jung and Halliday, Jon, Chapter 58;?picture of Chiang on bedside table: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 18–19, 131;?number of staff thirty-seven: interviews with Dr Jan Kung-ming, physician who treated May-ling in her last years; cf. Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 2, pp. 295, 462–3;?Chiang asked son to look after May-ling: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 1, pp. 325ff, 373, 586–8

Chapter 22: The Hollywood Connection

‘Listen, Brother Chiang': Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 2, pp. 482–3

$250,000 to Jennie: Ch'en Chieh-ju, pp. 5–10;?provider of the family: Shong Wen, p. 172; interview with a relative who wishes to remain anonymous;?H.H. boasted: K'ung Hsiang-hsi, pp. 114, 121–3, 147

Debra Paget, mother, Elvis: interview with relatives who wish to remain anonymous;?https://www.pinterest.com/pin/308848486919331646/; Milton Berle interview with Elvis,?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8x0uKy5GfMw; Shearer, Lloyd (15 July 1956), ‘More glamor for Hollywood',?Albuquerque Journal, pp. 68–9,?Newspapers.com;?https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debra_Paget?– cite_note-aj-2; ‘When You Wish Upon a Star, or It's a Star-Spangled Life: Family Cast' at the Wayback Machine;?http://www.elvis-history-blog.com/debra-paget.html;?https://www.elvispresleyphotos.com/celebrities/debra-paget.html;?https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2595360/the_san_bernardino_county_sun/

‘I looked forward to':?https://www.elvis.com.au/presley/interview-milton-berle-elvis-presley.shtml;?https://www.elvispresleyphotos.com/celebrities/debra-paget.html;?Maggie vetoed marriage to Elvis: Debra Paget talks to Rick Stanley (Elvis Presley's step-brother),?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBZ5LPeRNJA;?Ei-ling–Debra–Louis:?https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2595390/independent/;?https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2595390/independent/;?‘Debra Paget Weds Oilman, Nephew of Madame Chiang',?http://www.glamourgirlsofthesilverscreen.com/show/214/Debra+Paget/index.html

the Westlin Bunker:?https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=westlin+bunkerandtbm=ischandimgil=5axDGk-o2mwycM%3A%3BSYgUZJduRR2OnM%3Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonarchitecture.com%2FBuilding%2F2124%2FThe-Westlin-Bunker.phpandsource=iuandpf=mandfir=5axDGk-o2mwycM%3A%2CSYgUZJduRR2OnM%2C_andusg=__Oy5SF_7nb4TeMhfR9FthaHc7n3I%3Dandbiw=1407andbih=892andved=0ahUKEwjO_PSb9PnVAhUoJ8AKHT8GD20QyjcIXgandei=mQmkWY7MKajOgAa_jLzoBg#imgrc=zP9BUecaM81YeM;?http://www.houstonarchitecture.com/Building/2124/The-Westlin-Bunker.php;?Wall Street Journal, 2 October 2006, ‘Continental Airlines Finds a Safe Haven In a Texas Bunker'; Melanie Trottman, ‘Cold War Relic Gets New Use By Companies Worried About the Next Big Storm',?https://cryptome.org/eyeball/cal-bunker/cal-bunker.htm; interview with T.V.'s grandson Michael Feng, 26 January 2016

Louis–May-ling–T.V.: T.V. to May-ling, 22 March 1969,?T.V. Soong Papers, Box 61, folder no. 31, Hoover Institution Archives; Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 1, pp. 403–7; interview with grandson Michael Feng, 19 October 2015;?‘We're the best of friends':?http://www.glamourgirlsofthesilverscreen.com/show/214/Debra+Paget/index.html

May-ling on Gregory: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, p. 210

Chapter 23: New York, New York

T.L.: Soong Ching-ling (Soong Ching-ling Foundation and China Welfare eds.), vol. 2, p. 823; Soong Ching-ling (Shang Ming-xuan et al. eds.), vol. 2, p. 1437;?T.V. in New York: Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, pp. 130–7; Wu Kuo-Cheng, p. 161; interview with his daughter Laurette and grandson Michael Feng, 26 January 2016

relationship with Kungs: K'ung Hsiang-hsi,?passim; T.V. letters, in?T.V. Soong Papers, Box 61, folder no. 32, Hoover Institution Archives; interview with grandson Michael Feng, 19 October 2015;?May-ling told her brother: 2 July 1962,?T.V. Soong Papers, Box 61, folder no. 31, Hoover Institution Archives

he wrote to May-ling: 31 October 1962,?T.V. Soong Papers, Box 61, folder no. 31, Hoover Institution Archives;?T.V. to Taiwan: Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, p. 134;?T.V. saw Harriman: T.V.–May-ling letters, 1 September and 7 October 1963,?T.V. Soong Papers, Box 61, folder no. 31, Hoover Institution Archives

T.V. death: Wu Jing-ping and Kuo Tai-chun 2008a, p. 146; interview with his daughter Laurette and grandson Michael Feng, 26 January 2016;?Chiang stopped May-ling coming to T.V. funeral: 22 [sic] and 29 April 1971, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?T.V. family re Ching-ling: interview with his daughter Laurette and grandson Michael Feng, 26 January 2016

Ching-ling re T.A. death: Epstein, Israel, p. 563;?Chiang resentful towards T.V.: 15 April 1971, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives;?‘The family deeply': 9 November 1971, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?Ei-ling did not attend: May-ling to Emma, 15 March and 9 November 1971, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives;?When H.H. Kung died: 24 August 1967, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2,?Wellesley College Archives; Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 1, pp. 315–22; vol. 2, p. 624

When Ei-ling was dying: 12 May 1969, 7 December 1973, Papers of Emma DeLong Mills, MSS.2, Wellesley College Archives; Shong Wen, p. 172;?Jeanette devotion to her aunt: interviews with Dr Jan Kung-ming, Jeanette's physician, who also treated May-ling; Shong Wen, pp. 149–58; Huang Ke-wu et al., vol. 1, pp. 246, 256, 391–2; vol. 2, pp. 164, 392–5, 406;?Congress reception for May-ling: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 112–13, 219–30, 264; interview with a member of May-ling's household in New York who wishes to remain anonymous, 21 October 2015

‘When you were small': Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, p. 55

Chapter 24: In the Face of a Changed Time

she told Ching-kuo: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, pp. 3–29, 92–9, 677–86;?‘Deng the Bandit': Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, pp. 601, 607, 675;?sat up all night: interview with a member of May-ling's household in New York who wishes to remain anonymous, 21 October 2015; Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, pp. 152–3

letter allegedly written by Ching-ling: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, pp. 163–9;?offered to reply: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, pp. 278–88;?against Sterling Seagrave: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, pp. 512ff; DeLong, Thomas A., p. 244

Chiang centenary:?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=les3zpWSPXs

Ching-kuo hostage years: Chiang Ching-kuo, in Cline, Ray S.

His staff noticed: Weng Yuan (with Wang Feng), pp. 428–9

She had mixed feelings: her speech 7 July 1988,?http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-51807–883264.html;?son Hsiao-yung: Weng Yuan (with Wang Feng), pp. 432–5;?Lee alarmed May-ling: Chiang Ching-kuo (Zhou Mei-hua and Xiao Li-ju eds.), vol. 2, p. 399;?Jeanette took over Grand Hotel: Zhou Hong-tao (with Wang Shi-chun), pp. 485–90;?May-ling tried to keep party chairmanship: Shaw Yu-ming, p. 260; speech 7 July 1988,?http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-51807–883264.html

lifestyle guaranteed: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 32–3, 326–7,?passim;?Kungs contribute a portion: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 19–20;?fretted about money: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 137–8;?Praying and reading the Bible: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 120, 341, 348,?passim;?hardly ever reminisced: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 18, 265

often muttering: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 113, 219;?interred with Ei-ling: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, p. 270;?funeral low-key: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 16–17, 270–1, 306–7;?Chen Shui-bian to pay respects: Chen Li-wen ed. 2014, pp. 307–8