17
17 NOTES
17 注释
1.Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 1995.
1. 加拿大按摩疗法协会学报，1995
2.http://queensu.ca/news/alumnireview/rocket-man.
2. http://queensu.ca/news/alumnireview/rocket-man
3.http://www.marieclaire.com/sex-love/relationship-issues/millionaire-starter-wife.
3. http://www.marieclaire.com/sex-love/relationship-issues/millionairestarter-wife
4.The investor Bill Lee, one of Musk's close friends, originated this phrase.
4. 马斯克的挚友之一，投资人比尔·李发明了这句话。
5.http://archive.wired.com/science/space/magazine/15-06/ff_ space_musk?currentPage=all.
5. http://archive.wired.com/science/space/magazine/15-06/ff s_pace musk？cu_rrentPage=all
6.http://news.cnet.com/Electric-sports-car-packs-a-punch%2C-but-will-it-sell/2100-11389_3-6096377.xhtml.
6. http://news.cnet.com/Electric-sports-car-packs-a-punch%2C-but-will-it-sell/2100-11389_3-6096377.html
7.http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/19/business/19electric.xhtml.
7. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/19/business/19electric.html
8.A southern gentleman, Currie could never get used to Musk's swearing—“he curses like a sailor and does it in mixed company”—or the way he would churn through prized talent. “He'd search through the woods, turn over every rock and dig through brambles to find the one person with the specific expertise and skill he wanted,” Currie said. “Then, that guy would be gone three months to a year later if he didn't agree with Elon.” Currie, though, remembers Musk as inspirational. Even as Tesla's funds dwindled, Musk urged the employees to do their jobs well and vowed to give them what they needed to be successful. Currie, like many people, also found Musk's work ethic astonishing. “I would be in Europe or China and send him an email at two thirty in the morning his time,” Currie said. “Five minutes later, I'd get an answer back. It's just unbelievable to have support on that level.”
8. 科里是一位来自南方的绅士，他完全不适应马斯克的咒骂——“马斯克骂起人来活像个水手，一个人顶好几个人”，他也不习惯马斯克寻找人才的方式。“他会搜遍整个森林，把每块石头翻过来，挖遍每一棵草，来寻找他需要的那种拥有特别专长和技能的人，”科里说，“然后，如果这个人和埃隆的意见相左，他会在三个月到一年内解雇这个人。”尽管如此，科里还是觉得马斯克很励志。即使特斯拉的资金缩水，马斯克还是会督促员工好好工作，承诺会给他们成功所需的一切。科里和很多人一样，也发现马斯克的敬业程度令人惊讶。“当时我在欧洲或者中国，我在美国时间凌晨两点半给他发了封邮件，”科里说，“5分钟后，我居然收到了回复。他敬业到这种程度，真是让我难以置信。”
9.http://www.mercurynews.com/greenenergy/ci_7641424.
9. http://www.mercurynews.com/greenenergy/ci_7641424
10.http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3666994/One-more-giant-leap.xhtml.
10. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3666994/One-more-giant-leap.html
11.http://www.sia.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/2013_SSIR_ Final.pdf.
11. http://www.sia.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/2013_SSIR_Final.pdf
12.Another moment like this occurred in late 2010 during a launch attempt in Florida. One of the SpaceX technicians had left a hatch open overnight at the launchpad, which allowed rain to flood a lower-level computing room. The water caused major issues with SpaceX's computing equipment, and another technician had to fly out from California right away with Musk's American Express card in hand to fix the emergency in the days leading up to the launch.
12. 类似的情况发生在2010年年底，他们当时正在佛罗里达准备发射火箭。一SpaceX的名技术员把发射台上的一扇舱门打开了，整晚都没关，结果雨水淹没了计算机室。积水导致SpaceX的计算机设备发生重大故障，另一名技术员只得从加州赶来，拿着马斯克的美国运通卡，在发射之前对设备进行紧急维修。
The SpaceX engineers bought new computing gear right away and set it up in the room. They needed to run the equipment through standard tests to make sure it could maintain a certain voltage level. It was late at night on a Sunday, and they couldn't get access on short notice to a device that could simulate the high electrical load. One of the engineers improvised by going to a hardware store where he bought twenty-five headlamps for golf carts. The SpaceX crew strung them all together back at the launchpad and hung them from a wall. They then put on their sunglasses and lit everything up, knowing that if a power supply for the computing equipment could survive this test, it would be okay for the flight. The process was repeated for numerous power supplies, and the team worked from 9 P.M. that night until 7 A.M. and finished in time to keep the launch on track.
SpaceX的工程师立刻买来了新的计算机齿轮，并在计算机室设置好。他们需要对设备进行标准测试，以便确定它是否能够维持一定的电压水平。那是一个周日的晚上，一台能够在短时间内模拟高电力负荷的设备无法运行。一名工程师临时决定去五金店买25只高尔夫球车专用照明灯。SpaceX的员工们把这些灯串联在一起，放在发射台后面，把它们挂在墙上。然后他们戴上墨镜，把所有灯都点亮，如果计算机设备的电源供应能够通过这一测试，那么发射就没问题了。他们不断地重复试验，整个团队从晚上9点一直工作到早上7点，最后终于及时完成测试，让发射能够按时进行。
13.http://www.space.com/15874-private-dragon-capsule-space-station-arrival.xhtml.
13. http://www.space.com/15874-private-dragon-capsule-space-station-arrival.html
14.At the conclusion of the debate, Musk and I exchanged a couple of emails. He wrote, “Oil and gas is firmly in the Romney camp and they are feeding his campaign these talking points. Until recently, they didn't care about Tesla, as they thought we would fail.
14. 在辩论结束后，我和马斯克互相发了几封邮件。他写道：“油和水肯定在罗姆尼的阵营里，他们的谈话要点肯定就是这些。直到最近，他们还是不在乎特斯拉，因为他们认为我们必输无疑。
“Ironically, it is because they are starting to think Tesla might not fail that they are attacking us. The reason is that society has to function, so the less there seems to be a viable alternative to burning hydrocarbons, the less pressure there is to curb carbon emissions. If an electric car succeeds, it spoils that argument.
“讽刺的是，这是因为他们开始认为特斯拉可能不会输，所以才会攻击我们。这是因为社会必须运行，所以，如果可行的碳氢化合物替代品越少，他们控制碳排放的压力就越小。如果电动汽车成功了，它会毁了这场争论。
“Overall though, I think it is great that he mentioned us :) ‘Romney Tesla' is one of the top Google searches!”
“不管怎样，我很高兴他提到了我们。‘罗姆尼·特斯拉’在谷歌搜索中名列前茅！”
I reached out to Romney's camp months later, as sales of Tesla's soared, to see if he wanted to change his position but was rebuffed.
我在后来的几个月接触了罗姆尼阵营，因为特斯拉的销量飙升，我想看看他是否想换个立场，但他拒绝了。
15.As Tesla has grown in size, the company has commanded more respect from suppliers and been able to get better parts and better deals. But outsourcing components still bothers Musk, and for understandable reasons. When it tried to ramp up production in 2013, Tesla ran into periodic issues because of its suppliers. One of them made what should have been an inconsequential 12-volt lead acid battery that handled a few auxiliary functions in the car. Tesla bought the part from an American supplier, which in turn outsourced the part from a company in China, which in turn outsourced the part from a company in Vietnam. By the time the battery arrived at Tesla's factories, it didn't work, adding cost and delays during a crucial period in the Model S's history. It's situations like these that typically result in Tesla playing a much more active role with its suppliers when compared to other automakers. For something like an ABS braking controller, Tesla will work hand-in-hand with its supplier—in this case Bosch—to tune the hardware and software for the Model S's specific characteristics. “Most companies just hand their cars over to Bosch, but Tesla goes in with a software engineer,” said Ali Javidan. “We had to change their mind-set and let them know we wanted to work on a very deep level.”
15. 随着公司不断壮大，特斯拉越来越受供应商的尊敬，并且已经有能力买到更好的零件，达成更有利的交易。但一些外包的部件仍然困扰着马斯克，这可以理解。当特斯拉试着在2013年提高产量时，公司遇到了供应商的周期性问题。其中一家供应商负责制造一种本不重要的12伏铅酸电池，这种电池在汽车中仅起到辅助作用。特斯拉从一名美国供应商那里采购这种零件，这家美国供应商把这种零件的生产业务外包给一家中国公司，而这家中国公司又把这项业务外包给一家越南公司。当这种电池送达特斯拉的工厂后，人们发现电池无法使用，这增加了成本，还浪费了Model S宝贵的时间。这种处境导致特斯拉对待供应商比其他汽车制造商更有积极性。比如防抱死制动系统，特斯拉将和供应商一起制造，在这种情况下，博世公司将负责调整Model S的硬件和软件，满足其特殊性。“大多数公司直接把车交给博世，但特斯拉派一名软件工程师参与了这一过程，”阿里·贾维丹说，“我们必须改变供应商的心态，让他们知道，我们希望在工作中发挥高水平。”
16.Tesla does seem to promote an obsession with safety that's unmatched in the industry. J. B. Straubel explained the company's thinking as follows: “With the safety stuff, it seems like car companies have evolved to a place where their design objectives are set by whatever is regulated or has been standardized. The rule says, ‘Do this and nothing more.' That is amazingly boring engineering. It leaves you maybe fiddling with the car's shape or trying to make it a bit faster. We have more crumple zones, better deceleration, a lower center of gravity. We went in wondering, ‘Can we make this car twice as safe as anything else on the road?'”
16. 特斯拉似乎特别注重安全性，这在行业中是无可匹敌的。J·B·斯特劳贝尔是这么解释公司的想法的：“关于安全性，汽车公司已做出调整，根据规定或者标准来制定设计目标。规定说：‘只要这样就行了，其他不需要。’那就太无聊了。你只能再调整一下汽车的形状，或者试着让它速度更快一点。我们的撞击缓冲区更多、减速性能更好、重心更低。我们会思考：‘能不能把这辆车的安全性翻倍，比路上的任何汽车安全性能都好呢？’”
17.Othmer has lined up to be the lucky owner of the first Roadster II.
17. 奥斯莫的要求得到了满足，成为第一辆RoadsterⅡ的主人。
Musk has developed an unconventional policy to determine the order in which cars are sold. When a new car is announced and its price is set, a race begins in which the first person to hand Musk a check gets the first car. With the Model S, Steve Jurvetson, a Tesla board member, had a check at the ready in his wallet and slid it across the table to Musk after spying details on the Model S in a packet of board meeting notes.
马斯克发明了一种超常规的规则来决定汽车的销售订单。在他发布了一辆新车，定好价格之后，比赛开始，谁第一个把支票递给马斯克，谁就能买到第一辆车。在Model S开售时，特斯拉的董事会成员史蒂夫·尤尔韦松早早就把支票放在皮夹里，在偷看了董事会议记录中有关Model S的详细信息之后，他把支票从桌面上滑过去，交给了马斯克。
Othmer caught a Wired story about a planned second version of the Roadster and emailed Musk right away. “He said, ‘Okay, I will sell it to you, but you have to pay two hundred thousand dollars right now.'” Othmer agreed, and Tesla had him come to the company's headquarters on a Sunday to sign some paperwork, acknowledging the price of the car and the fact that the company didn't quite know when it would arrive or what its specifications would be. “My guess is that it will be the fastest car on the road,” Othmer said. “It'll be four-wheel drive. It's going to be insane. And I don't really think that will be the real price. I just don't think Elon wanted me to buy it.”
奥斯莫在《连线》杂志上看到一篇文章，提及RoadsterⅡ即将上市，他立刻给马斯克发了封邮件。“他说：‘好的，我可以把车卖给你，但你得马上给我20万美元。’”奥斯莫同意了，特斯拉邀请他在一个周日来到公司总部签署一些文件，告知他汽车的价格以及一个事实——公司还不知道交货日期及规格。“我估计它将是路上行驶速度最快的汽车，”奥斯莫说，“它是四轮驱动汽车。这太酷了。我觉得这可能不是真实的价格。我觉得埃隆不想让我买这辆车。”
18.Musk suspected Better Place came up with battery swapping as a plan after its CEO, Shai Agassi, heard about the technology during a tour of the Tesla factory
18. 马斯克怀疑乐土公司CEO夏·阿加西在参观特斯拉工厂时听说了我们的技术，之后想出了电池更换计划。
19.Musk had made a number of art cars over the years at Burning Man, including an electric one shaped like a rocket. In 2011, he also received a lot of grief from the Wall Street Journal for having a high-end camp. “Elon Musk, chief executive of electric-car maker Tesla Motors and co-founder of eBay Inc.'s PayPal unit, is among those eschewing the tent life,” the paper wrote. “He is paying for an elaborate compound consisting of eight recreational vehicles and trailers stocked with food, linens, groceries and other essentials for himself and his friends and family, say employees of the outfitter, Classic Adventures RV. . . . Classic is one of the festival's few approved vendors. It charges $5,500 to $10,000 per RV for its Camp Classic Concierge packages like Mr. Musk's. At Mr. Musk's RV enclave, the help empties septic tanks, brings water and makes sure the vehicles' electricity, refrigeration, air conditioning, televisions, DVD players and other systems are ship shape. The staff also stocked the campers with Diet Coke, Gatorade and Cruzan rum.” Once the story hit, Musk's group felt like Classic Adventures had leaked the information to drum up business, and they tried to move to a new, undisclosed location.
19. 马斯克在过去几年的火人节活动中改装了几辆艺术车，包括一辆形似火箭的电动汽车。2011年，《华尔街日报》对他参加高端露营活动颇有微词。“电动汽车制造商特斯拉的首席执行官兼eBay公司旗下PayPal的创始人之一埃隆·马斯克并没有住在帐篷里，”报纸写道，“他花高价准备了8辆房车和拖车，里面装满了食物、床单、生活用品和其他必需品，供自己、家人和朋友享用，旅行用品商——据经典冒险房车的员工们透露——‘经典’是该活动指定的少数几家供应商之一。像马斯克要求的这种配置的房车每辆价值0.55万~1万美元。在马斯克停放房车的地方，他们清空了化粪池，安装了水源，保证房车的电力供应，冰箱、空调、电视机、DVD播放器和其他系统，一切都井然有序。房车里还有健怡可乐、佳得乐和科鲁赞朗姆酒。”这篇报道一经发出，马斯克一行人觉得经典冒险公司是故意泄露他们的信息来招揽生意，于是他们搬到了一个新的、还没有被发现的地点。
20.http://www.sandia.gov/~jytsao/Solar%20FAQs.pdf.
20. http://www.sandia.gov/~jytsao/Solar%20FAQs.pdf
21.Tesla employees have been known to sneak across the street to the campus of the software maker SAP and to take advantage of its sumptuous, subsidized cafes.
21. 特斯拉的员工会偷偷溜到街对面的园区，享用SAP软件公司豪华的员工福利咖啡厅。
22.Shotwell talks about going to Mars as much as Musk and has dedicated her life to space exploration. Straubel has demonstrated the same type of commitment with electric vehicles and can sound a lot like Musk at times. “We are not trying to corner the market on EVs,” Straubel said. “There are 100 million cars built per year and 2 billion already out there. Even if we got to 5 or 10 percent of the market, that does not solve the world's problems. I am bullish we will keep up with demand and drive the whole industry forward. Elon is committed to this.”
22. 肖特维尔毕生致力于空间探索活动，她谈论登陆火星的时间不亚于马斯克。斯特劳贝尔对于电动车也付出了同样的努力，有时候他说话的风格很像马斯克。“我们的目标不是垄断电动车市场，”斯特劳贝尔说道，“目前已有现货20亿辆，而每年的产量将达到1亿辆。即使我们的市场份额占到5%或10%，也依然无法解决人类社会的问题。我乐观地认为，我们能够满足消费需求，并能够推动整个行业向前发展。埃隆一直致力于此。”
23.Page presented one of his far-out ideas to me as follows: “I was thinking it would be pretty cool to have a prize to fund a project where someone would have to send something lightweight to the moon that could sort of replicate itself. I went over to the NASA operation center here at AMES in Mountain View when they were doing a mission and literally flying a satellite into the south pole of the moon. And they like hurled this thing into the moon at a high velocity and then it exploded and it sent matter out into space. And then they looked at that with telescopes, and they discovered water on the south pole of the moon, which sounds really exciting. I started thinking that if there's a lot of water on the south pole of the moon, you can make rocket fuel from the hydrogen and oxygen. The other cool thing about the south pole is like it almost always gets sun. There's like places high up that get sun and there's places that are kind of in the craters that are very cold. So you have like a lot of energy then where you could run solar cells. You could almost run like a steam turbine there. You have rocket fuel ingredients, and you have solar cells that can be powered by sun, and you could probably run a power plant turbine. Power plant turbines aren't that heavy. You could send that to the moon. You have like a gigawatt of power on the moon and make a lot of rocket fuel. It would make a good prize project. You send something to the moon that weights five pounds and have it make rocket fuel so that you could launch stuff off the moon or have it make a copy of itself, so that you can make more of them.”
23. 佩奇向我讲述了他异乎寻常创意中的一个：“我一直想设立奖项，资助一个将某种轻量物品送上月球的项目，但这个物品一定要能够完成自我复制，这真的非常酷。NASA执行发射卫星到月球南极的任务时，我去了NASA位山景城艾姆斯研究所的控制中心现场。他们好像把卫星高速投掷到月球，然后卫星爆炸了，爆炸时有一些物质会释放到太空中。之后他们用望远镜观测，最终在月球南极发现了水，这实在太有趣了。我想，如果月球南极有很多水，就可以用氢气和氧气合成火箭燃料了。关于南极的另一个有趣的地方是，那里几乎总有阳光。地势高的地方有阳光照射，而陨石坑内则非常寒冷。所以那里有很多能源，因为可以使用太阳能电池。在这里你几乎可以运行蒸汽轮机。你有制造火箭燃料的原材料、可以依靠太阳充电的太阳能电池，你还可以运行涡轮动力机。涡轮动力机并没有那么重，你可以将它带上月球。你在月球上拥有大约一吉瓦的能源，并可以制造很多火箭原料。这会是个很好的悬奖项目。你将5磅重的物品送上月球，它在那里合成火箭燃料，然后你可以从月球把物品发射出去，或者让它自我复制，变得越来越多。”