EINSTEIN’S CORRESPONDENCE AND WRITINGS

The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, vols. 1–10. 1987–2006. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Abbreviated CPAE)

The founding editor was John Stachel. The current general editor is Diana Kormos Buchwald. Other editors over the years include David Cassidy, Robert Schulmann, Jürgen Renn, Martin Klein, A. J. Knox, Michel Janssen, Jósef Illy, Christoph Lehner, Daniel Kennefick, Tilman Sauer, Ze’ev Rosenkranz, and Virginia Iris Holmes.

These volumes cover the years 1879–1920. Each volume comes in a German version and an English translation. The page numbers in each differ, but the document numbers are the same. In cases where I cite some information that is in one version but not the other (such as an editor’s essay or footnote), I designate the volume and language version and cite the page number.

Albert Einstein Archives. (Abbreviated AEA)

These archives are now at Hebrew University in Jerusalem with copies at the Einstein Papers Project at Caltech and in the Princeton University library. Documents from the archives are cited both by date and by the AEA folder (reel) and document number. In the case of most of the untranslated German documents, I have relied on translations made for me by James Hoppes and Natasha Hoffmeyer.

FREQUENTLY CITED WORKS

Abraham, Carolyn. 2001. Possessing Genius. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Aczel, Amir. 1999. God’s Equation: Einstein, Relativity, and the Expanding Universe. New York: Random House.

———. 2002. Entanglement: The Unlikely Story of How Scientists, Mathematicians, and Philosophers Proved Einstein’s Spookiest Theory. New York: Plume.

Baierlein, Ralph. 2001. Newton to Einstein: The Trail of Light, an Excursion to the Wave-Particle Duality and the Special Theory of Relativity. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Barbour, Julian, and Herbert Pfister, eds. 1995. Mach’s Principle: From Newton’s Bucket to Quantum Gravity. Boston: Birkhäuser.

Bartusiak, Marcia. 2000. Einstein’s Unfinished Symphony. New York: Berkley.

Batterson, Steve. 2006. Pursuit of Genius. Wellesley, Mass.: A. K. Peters.

Beller, Mara, et al., eds. 1993. Einstein in Context. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Bernstein, Jeremy. 1973. Einstein. Modern Masters Series. New York: Viking.

———. 1991. Quantum Profiles. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

———. 1996a. Albert Einstein and the Frontiers of Physics. New York: Oxford University Press.

———. 1996b. A Theory for Everything. New York: Springer-Verlag.

———. 2001. The Merely Personal. Chicago: Ivan Dee.

———. 2006. Secrets of the Old One: Einstein, 1905. New York: Copernicus.

Besso, Michele. 1972. Correspondence 1903–1955. In German with parallel French translation by Pierre Speziali. Paris: Hermann.

Bird, Kai, and Martin J. Sherwin. 2005. American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer. New York: Knopf.

Bodanis, David. 2000. E=mc ²:A Biography of the World’s Most Famous Equation. New York: Walker.

Bolles, Edmund Blair. 2004. Einstein Defiant: Genius versus Genius in the Quantum Revolution. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry.

Born, Max. 1978. My Life: Recollections of a Nobel Laureate. New York: Scribner’s.

———. 2005. Born-Einstein Letters. New York: Walker Publishing. (Originally published in 1971, with new material for the 2005 edition)

Brian, Denis. 1996. Einstein: A Life. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

———. 2005. The Unexpected Einstein. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

Brockman, John, ed. 2006. My Einstein. New York: Pantheon.

Bucky, Peter. 1992. The Private Albert Einstein. Kansas City, Mo.: Andrews and McMeel.

Cahan, David. 2000. “The Young Einstein’s Physics Education.” In Howard and Stachel 2000.

Calaprice, Alice, ed. 2005. The New Expanded Quotable Einstein. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Calder, Nigel. 1979. Einstein’s Universe: A Guide to the Theory of Relativity. New York: Viking Press. (Reissued by Penguin Press in 2005)

Carroll, Sean M. 2003. Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity. Boston: Addison-Wesley.

Cassidy, David C. 2004. Einstein and Our World. Amherst, N.Y.: Humanity Books.

Clark, Ronald. 1971. Einstein: The Life and Times. New York: HarperCollins.

Corry, Leo, Jürgen Renn, and John Stachel. 1997. “Belated Decision in the Hilbert-Einstein Priority Dispute.”Science 278: 1270–1273.

Crelinsten, Jeffrey. 2006. Einstein’s Jury: The Race to Test Relativity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Damour, Thibault. 2006. Once upon Einstein. Wellesley, Mass.: A. K. Peters.

Douglas, Vibert. 1956. The Life of Arthur Stanley Eddington. London: Thomas Nelson.

Dukas, Helen, and Banesh Hoffmann, eds. 1979. Albert Einstein: The Human Side. New Glimpses from His Archives. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Dyson, Freeman. 2003. “Clockwork Science.” (Review of Galison). New York Review of Books ,Nov.6.

Earman, John. 1978. World Enough and Space-Time. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Earman, John, Clark Glymour, and Robert Rynasiewicz. 1982. “On Writing the History of Special Relativity.”Philosophy of Science Association Journal 2: 403–416.

Earman, John, et al., eds. 1993. The Attraction of Gravitation: New Studies in the History of General Relativity. Boston: Birkhäuser.

Einstein, Albert. 1916. Relativity: The Special and the General Theory. (Written as a popular account, this book was published in German in December 1916. An authorized English translation was first published in 1920 by Methuen in London and Henry Holt in New York. It went through fifteen English-language editions in his lifetime, and he added appendixes up until 1952. It is available now from multiple publishers. The version I cite is the 1995 Random House edition. The book can be found at www.bartleby.com/173/and at www.gutenberg.org/etext/5001.)

———. 1922a. The Meaning of Relativity. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (A technical exposition based on his 1921 lectures at Princeton. The fifth edition, published in 1954, contains an appendix revising his attempt at a unified field theory. The 2005 edition from Princeton University Press contains an introduction by Brian Greene.)

———. 1922b. Sidelights on Relativity. New York: Dutton.

———. 1922c. “How I Created the Theory of Relativity.” Talk in Kyoto, Japan, Dec. 14. (I have used a new, corrected, and heretofore unpublished translation. Einstein’s Kyoto talk was published in Japanese in 1923 by theoretical physicist Jun Ishiwara, who was present and took notes. His version was translated into English by Yoshimasa A. Ono and published in Physics Today in August 1982. This translation, which has been used by most previous writers on Einstein, is flawed, especially in the parts where Einstein refers to the Michelson-Morley experiments; see Ryoichi Itagaki, “Einstein’s Kyoto Lecture,”Science magazine, vol. 283, March 5, 1999. A proper and corrected translation by Prof. Itagaki will appear in a forthcoming volume of CPAE. I am grateful to Gerald Holton for providing me with a copy of this translation. See also Seiya Abiko, “Einstein’s Kyoto Address,”Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 31 (2000): 1–35.)

———. 1934. Essays in Science. New York: Philosophical Library.

———. 1949a. The World As I See It. New York: Philosophical Library. (Based on Mein Weltbild, edited by Carl Seelig.)

———. 1949b. “Autobiographical Notes.” In Schilpp 1949, 3–94.

———. 1950a. Out of My Later Years. New York: Philosophical Library.

———. 1950b. Einstein on Humanism. New York: Philosophical Library.

———. 1954. Ideas and Opinions. New York: Random House.

———. 1956. “Autobiographische Skizze.” In Seelig 1956b.

Einstein, Albert, and Leopold Infeld. 1938. The Evolution of Physics: The Growth of Ideas from Early Concepts to Relativity and Quanta. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Einstein, Elizabeth Roboz. 1991. Hans Albert Einstein: Reminiscences of Our Life Together. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.

Einstein, Maja. 1923. “Albert Einstein—A Biographical Sketch.” CPAE 1: xv. (This sketch was originally written in 1923 as the start of a book she hoped to write, but it was never published by her. It tracks her brother’s life only until 1905. See lorentz.phl.jhu.edu/AnnusMirabilis/AeReserveArticles/maja.pdf.) Eisenstaedt, Jean, and A. J. Kox, eds. 1992. Studies in the History of General Relativity. Boston: Birkhäuser.

Elon, Amos. 2002. The Pity of It All: A History of the Jews in Germany, 1743–1933. New York: Henry Holt.

Elzinga, Aant. 2006. Einstein’s Nobel Prize. Sagamore Beach, Mass.: Science History Publications.

Fantova, Johanna. “Journal of Conversations with Einstein, 1953–55.” In Princeton

University Einstein Papers archives and published as an appendix in Calaprice 2005. (For clarity and because the page numbers vary in different editions of Calaprice, I identify Fantova’s entries by date.)

Federal Bureau of Investigation, Files on Einstein. Available through the Freedom of Information Act website, foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/einstein.htm.

Feynman, Richard. 1997. Six Not-So-Easy Pieces: Einstein’s Relativity, Symmetry, and Space-Time. Boston: Addison-Wesley.

———. 1999. The Pleasure of Finding Things Out. Cambridge, England: Perseus.

———. 2002. The Feynman Lectures on Gravitation. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.

Fine,Arthur.1996. The Shaky Game:Einstein,Realism, and the Quantum Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Revised edition of original 1986 publication.)

Flexner, Abraham. 1960. An Autobiography. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Flückiger, Max. 1974. Albert Einstein in Bern. Bern: Haupt.

Fölsing, Albrecht. 1997. Albert Einstein: A Biography. Translated and abridged by Ewald Osers. New York: Viking. (Original unabridged edition in German published in 1993.)

Frank, Philipp. 1947. Einstein: His Life and Times. Translated by George Rosen. New York: Da Capo Press. (Reprinted in 2002.)

———. 1957. Philosophy of Science. Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

French, A. P., ed. 1979. Einstein: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Friedman, Alan J., and Carol C. Donley. 1985. Einstein as Myth and Muse. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Friedman, Robert Marc. 2005. “Einstein and the Nobel Committee.”Europhysics News, July/Aug.

Galileo Galilei. 1632. Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican. (I use the 2001 Modern Library edition translated by Stillman Drake, foreword by Albert Einstein, introduction by John Heilbron.)

Galison, Peter. 2003. Einstein’s Clocks, Poincaré’s Maps. New York:Norton.

Gamow, George. 1966. Thirty Years That Shook Physics: The Story of Quantum Theory. New York:Dover.

———. 1970. My World Line. New York: Viking.

———. 1993. Mr. Tompkins in Paperback. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Gardner, Martin. 1976. The Relativity Explosion. New York: Vintage.

Gell-Mann, Murray. 1994. The Quark and the Jaguar. New York: Henry Holt.

Goenner, Hubert. 2004. “On the History of Unified Field Theories.” Living Reviews in Relativity website, relativity.livingreviews.org/.

———. 2005. Einstein in Berlin. Munich: Beck Verlag.

Goenner, Hubert, et al., eds. 1999. The Expanding Worlds of General Relativity. Boston: Birkhäuser.

Goldberg, Stanley. 1984. Understanding Relativity: Origin and Impact of a Scientific Revolution. Boston: Birkhäuser.

Goldsmith, Maurice, et al. 1980. Einstein:The First Hundred Years. New York: Pergamon Press.

Goldstein, Rebecca. 2005. Incompleteness: The Proof and Paradox of Kurt Gödel. New York: Atlas/Norton.

Greene, Brian. 1999. The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory. New York:Norton.

———. 2004. The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality. New York: Knopf.

Gribbin, John, and Mary Gribbin. 2005. Annus Mirabilis: 1905, Albert Einstein, and the Theory of Relativity. New York: Chamberlain Brothers.

Haldane, Richard. 1921. The Reign of Relativity. London: Murray. (Reprinted in 2003 by the University Press of the Pacific in Honolulu.)

Hartle, James. 2002. Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein’s General Relativity. Boston: Addison-Wesley.

Hawking, Stephen. 1999. “A Brief History of Relativity.”Time , Dec. 31.

———. 2001. The Universe in a Nutshell. New York: Bantam.

———. 2005. “Does God Play Dice?” Available at www.hawking.org.uk/lectures/lindex.html.

Hawking, Stephen, and Roger Penrose. 1996. The Nature of Space and Time. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Heilbron, John. 2000. The Dilemmas of an Upright Man: Max Planck and the Fortunes of German Science. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. (Revised edition of 1986 book.)

Heisenberg, Werner. 1958. Physics and Philosophy. New York: Harper.

———. 1971. Physics and Beyond: Encounters and Conversations. New York: Harper & Row.

———. 1989. Encounters with Einstein. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Highfield, Roger, and Paul Carter. 1994. The Private Lives of Albert Einstein. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Hoffmann, Banesh, with the collaboration of Helen Dukas. 1972. Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel. New York: Viking.

Hoffmann, Banesh. 1983. Relativity and Its Roots. New York: Scientific American Books.

Holmes, Frederick L., Jürgen Renn, and Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, eds. 2003. Reworking the Bench: Research Notebooks in the History of Science. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Holton, Gerald. 1973. Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought: Kepler to Einstein. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

———. 2000. Einstein, History, and Other Passions: The Rebellion against Science at the End of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

———. 2003. “Einstein’s Third Paradise.”Daedalus 132, no. 4 (fall): 26–34. Available at www.physics.harvard.edu/holton/3rdParadise.pdf.

Holton, Gerald, and Stephen Brush. 2004. Physics, the Human Adventure. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.

Holton, Gerald, and Yehuda Elkana, eds. 1997. Albert Einstein: Historical and Cultural Perspectives. The Centennial Symposium in Jerusalem. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications.

Howard, Don. 1985. “Einstein on Locality and Separability.”Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 16: 171–201.

———. 1990a. “Einstein and Duhem.”Synthese 83: 363–384.

———. 1990b. “ ‘Nicht sein kann was nicht sein darf,’ or The Prehistory of EPR, 1909–1935. Einstein’s Early Worries about the Quantum Mechanics of Composite Systems.” In Arthur Miller, ed., Sixty-two Years of Uncertainty: Historical, Philosophical, and Physical Inquiries into the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. New York: Plenum, 61–111.

———. 1993. “Was Einstein Really a Realist?”Perspectives on Science 1: 204–251.

———. 1997. “A Peek behind the Veil of Maya: Einstein, Schopenhauer, and the Historical Background of the Conception of Space as a Ground for the Individuation of Physical Systems.” In John Earman and John D. Norton, eds., The Cosmos of Science: Essays of Exploration. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 87–150.

———. 2004. “Albert Einstein, Philosophy of Science.”Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available at plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/.

———. 2005. “Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science.”Physics Today , Dec., 34.

Howard, Don, and John Norton. 1993. “Out of the Labyrinth? Einstein, Hertz, and the Göttingen Answer to the Hole Argument.” In Earman et al. 1993.

Howard, Don, and John Stachel, eds. 1989. Einstein and the History of General Relativity. Boston: Birkhäuser.

———, eds. 2000. Einstein: The Formative Years, 1879–1909. Boston: Birkhäuser.

Illy, József, ed. 2005, February. “Einstein Due Today.” Manuscript. (Courtesy of the Einstein Papers Project, Pasadena. Includes newspaper clippings about Einstein’s 1921 visit. Forthcoming publication planned as Albert Meets America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.)

Infeld, Leopold. 1950. Albert Einstein: His Work and Its Influence on Our World. New York: Scribner’s.

Jammer, Max. 1989. The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics. Los Angeles: American Institute of Physics.

———. 1999. Einstein and Religion: Physics and Theology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Janssen, Michel. 1998. “Rotation as the Nemesis of Einstein’s Entwurf Theory.” In Goenner et al. 1999.

———. 2002. “The Einstein-Besso Manuscript: A Glimpse behind the Curtain of the Wizard.” Available at www.tc.umn.edu/~janss011/.

———. 2004. “Einstein’s First Systematic Exposition of General Relativity.” Available at philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00002123/01/annalen.pdf.

———. 2005. “Of Pots and Holes: Einstein’s Bumpy Road to General Relativity.” Annalen der Physik 14 (Supplement): 58–85.

———. 2006. “What Did Einstein Know and When Did He Know It? A Besso Memo Dated August 1913.” Available at www.tc.umn.edu/~janss011/.

Janssen, Michel, and Jürgen Renn. 2004. “Untying the Knot: How Einstein Found His Way Back to Field Equations Discarded in the Zurich Notebook.” Available at www.tc.umn.edu/~janss011/pdf%20files/knot.pdf.

Jerome, Fred. 2002. The Einstein File: J. Edgar Hoover’s Secret War against the World’s Most Famous Scientist. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Jerome, Fred, and Rodger Taylor. 2005. Einstein on Race and Racism. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.

Kaku, Michio. 2004. Einstein’s Cosmos: How Albert Einstein’s Vision Transformed Our Understanding of Space and Time. New York: Atlas Books.

Kessler, Harry. 1999. Berlin in Lights: The Diaries of Count Harry Kessler (1918–1937). Translated and edited by Charles Kessler. New York: Grove Press.

Klein, Martin J. 1970a. Paul Ehrenfest: The Making of a Theoretical Physicist. New York: American Elsevier.

———. 1970b. “The First Phase of the Bohr-Einstein Dialogue.”Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 2: 1–39.

Kox, A. J., and Jean Eisenstaedt, eds. 2005. The Universe of General Relativity. Vol. II of Einstein Studies. Boston: Birkhäuser.

Krauss, Lawrence. 2005. Hiding in the Mirror. New York: Viking.

Levenson, Thomas. 2003. Einstein in Berlin. New York: Bantam Books.

Levy, Steven. 1978. “My Search for Einstein’s Brain.” New Jersey Monthly ,Aug.

Lightman, Alan. 1993. Einstein’s Dreams. New York: Pantheon Books.

———. 1999. “A New Cataclysm of Thought.”Atlantic Monthly , Jan.

———. 2005. The Discoveries. New York: Pantheon.

Lightman, Alan, et al. 1975. Problem Book in Relativity and Gravitation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Marianoff, Dimitri. 1944. Einstein: An Intimate Study of a Great Man. New York: Doubleday. (Marianoff married and then divorced Margot Einstein, a daughter of Einstein’s second wife Elsa, and Einstein denounced this book.)

Mehra, Jagdish. 1975. The Solvay Conferences on Physics: Aspects of the Development of Physics Since 1911. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.

Mermin, N. David. 2005. It’s about Time: Understanding Einstein’s Relativity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Michelmore, Peter. 1962. Einstein: Profile of the Man. New York: Dodd, Mead.

Miller, Arthur I. 1981. Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity: Emergence (1905) and Early Interpretation (1905–1911). Boston: Addison-Wesley.

———. 1984. Imagery in Scientific Thought. Boston: Birkhäuser.

———. 1992. “Albert Einstein’s 1907 Jahrbuch Paper: The First Step from SRT to GRT.” In Eisenstaedt and Kox 1992, 319–335.

———. 1999. Insights of Genius. New York: Springer-Verlag.

———. 2001. Einstein, Picasso: Space, Time and the Beauty That Causes Havoc. New York: Basic Books.

———. 2005. Empire of the Stars. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

Misner, Charles, Kip Thorne, and John Archibald Wheeler. 1973. Gravitation. San Francisco: Freeman.

Moore, Ruth. 1966. Niels Bohr: The Man, His Science, and the World They Changed. New York: Knopf.

Moszkowski, Alexander. 1921. Einstein the Searcher: His Work Explained from Dialogues with Einstein. New York: Dutton.

Nathan, Otto, and Heinz Norden, eds. 1960. Einstein on Peace. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Neffe, Jürgen. 2005. Einstein: Eine Biographie. Hamburg: Rowohlt.

Norton, John D. 1984. “How Einstein Found His Field Equations.”Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences. Reprinted in Howard and Stachel 1989, 101–159.

———. 1985. “What Was Einstein’s Principle of Equivalence?”Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 16: 203–246. Reprinted in Howard and Stachel 1989, 5–47.

———. 1991. “Thought Experiments in Einstein’s Work.” In Tamara Horowitz and Gerald Massey, eds., Thought Experiments in Science and Philosophy. Savage, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 129–148.

———. 1993. “General Covariance and the Foundations of General Relativity: Eight Decades of Dispute.”Reports on Progress in Physics 56: 791–858.

———. 1995a.“Eliminative Induction as a Method of Discovery: Einstein’s Discovery of General Relativity.” In Jarrett Leplin, ed., The Creation of Ideas in Physics: Studies for a Methodology of Theory Construction. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 29–69.

———. 1995b. “Did Einstein Stumble? The Debate over General Covariance.” Erkenntnis 42: 223–245.

———. 1995c. “Mach’s Principle before Einstein.” Available at www.pitt.edu/~ jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf.

———. 2000. “Nature Is the Realization of the Simplest Conceivable Mathematical Ideas: Einstein and the Canon of Mathematical Simplicity.”Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 31: 135–170.

———. 2002. “Einstein’s Triumph Over the Spacetime Coordinate System.”Dial-ogos 79: 253–262.

———. 2004. “Einstein’s Investigations of Galilean Covariant Electrodynamics prior to 1905.”Archive for History of Exact Sciences 59: 45–105.

———. 2005a. “How Hume and Mach Helped Einstein Find Special Relativity.” Available at www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton.

———. 2005b. “A Conjecture on Einstein, the Independent Reality of Spacetime Coordinate Systems and the Disaster of 1913.” In Kox and Eisenstaedt 2005.

———. 2006a. “Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity and the Problems in the

Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies That Led Him to It.” Available at www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/homepage/cv.html.

———. 2006b. “What Was Einstein’s ‘Fateful Prejudice’?” In Jürgen Renn, The Genesis of General Relativity, vol. 2. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

———. 2006c. “Atoms, Entropy, Quanta: Einstein’s Miraculous Argument of 1905.” Available at www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton.

Overbye, Dennis. 2000. Einstein in Love: A Scientific Romance. New York: Viking. Pais, Abraham. 1982. Subtle Is the Lord: The Science and Life of Albert Einstein. New York: Oxford University Press.

———. 1991. Niels Bohr’s Times in Physics, Philosophy, and Polity. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

———. 1994. Einstein Lived Here: Essays for the Layman. New York: Oxford University Press.

Panek, Richard. 2004. The Invisible Century: Einstein, Freud, and the Search for Hidden Universes. New York: Viking.

Parzen, Herbert. 1974. The Hebrew University: 1925–1935. New York:KTAV. Paterniti, Michael. 2000. Driving Mr. Albert. New York: Dial.

Pauli, Wolfgang. 1994. Writings on Physics and Philosophy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Penrose, Roger. 2005. The Road to Reality. New York: Knopf.

Poincaré, Henri. 1902. Science and Hypothesis. Available at spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Poincare/Poincare_1905_toc.html.

Popovi, Milan. 2003. In Albert’s Shadow: The Life and Letters of Mileva Mari. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Powell, Corey. 2002. God in the Equation. New York: Free Press.

Pyenson, Lewis. 1985. The Young Einstein. Boston: Adam Hilger.

Regis, Ed. 1988. Who Got Einstein’s Office? New York: Addison-Wesley.

Reid, Constance. 1986. Hilbert-Courant. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Reiser, Anton. 1930. Albert Einstein: A Biographical Portrait. New York: Boni. (Reiser was the pseudonym of Rudoph Kayser, who married Ilse Einstein, the daughter of Einstein’s second wife Elsa.)

Renn, Jürgen. 1994. “The Third Way to General Relativity.” Max Planck Institute, www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/Preprints/P9.pdf.

———. 2005a. “Einstein’s Controversy with Drude and the Origin of Statistical Mechanics.” In Howard and Stachel 2000.

———. 2005b. “Standing on the Shoulders of a Dwarf.” In Kox and Eisenstaedt 2005.

———. 2005c. “Before the Riemann Tensor: The Emergence of Einstein’s Double Strategy.” In Kox and Eisenstaedt 2005.

———. 2005d. Albert Einstein: Chief Engineer of the Universe. One Hundred Authors for Einstein. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

———. 2006. Albert Einstein: Chief Engineer of the Universe. Einstein’s Life and Work in Context and Documents of a Life’s Pathway. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

Renn, Jürgen, and Tilman Sauer. 1997. “The Rediscovery of General Relativity in Berlin.” Max Planck Institute, www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/en/forschung/Preprints/P63.pdf.

———. 2003. “Errors and Insights: Reconstructing the Genesis of General Relativity from Einstein’s Zurich Notebook.” In Holmes et al. 2003, 253–268.

———. 2006. “Pathways out of Classical Physics: Einstein’s Double Strategy in Searching for the Gravitational Field Equation.” Available at www.hss.caltech.edu/~tilman/.

Renn, Jürgen, and Robert Schulmann, eds. 1992. Albert Einstein and Mileva Mari: The Love Letters. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Rhodes, Richard. 1987. The Making of the Atom Bomb. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Rigden, John. 2005. Einstein 1905: The Standard of Greatness. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Robinson, Andrew. 2005. Einstein: A Hundred Years of Relativity. New York: Abrams.

Rosenkranz, Ze’ev. 1998. Albert through the Looking Glass: The Personal Papers of Albert Einstein. Jerusalem: Hebrew University Press.

———. 2002. The Einstein Scrapbook. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Rowe, David E., and Robert Schulmann, eds. 2007. Einstein’s Political World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Rozental, Stefan, ed. 1967. Niels Bohr: His Life and Work As Seen by His Friends and Colleagues. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

Ryan, Dennis P., ed. 1987. Einstein and the Humanities. New York: Greenwood Press.

Ryckman, Thomas. 2005. The Reign of Relativity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rynasiewicz, Robert. 1988. “Lorentz’s Local Time and the Theorem of Corresponding States.”Philosophy of Science Association Journal 1: 67–74.

———. 2000. “The Construction of the Special Theory: Some Queries and Considerations.” In Howard and Stachel 2000.

Rynasiewicz, Robert, and Jürgen Renn. 2006. “The Turning Point for Einstein’s Annus Mirabilis.”Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 37, Mar.

Sartori, Leo. 1996. Understanding Relativity. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. Sauer, Tilman. 1999. “The Relativity of Discovery: Hilbert’s First Note on the Foundations of Physics.”Archive for History of Exact Sciences 53: 529–575.

———. 2005. “Einstein Equations and Hilbert Action: What Is Missing on Page 8 of the Proofs for Hilbert’s First Communication on the Foundations of Physics?”Archive for History of Exact Sciences 59: 577.

Sayen, Jamie. 1985. Einstein in America: The Scientist’s Conscience in the Age of Hitler and Hiroshima. New York: Crown.

Schilpp, Paul Arthur, ed. 1949. Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court Press.

Seelig, Carl. 1956a. Albert Einstein: A Documentary Biography. Translated by Mervyn Savill. London: Staples Press. (Translation of Albert Einstein: Eine Dokumentarische Biographie, a revision of Albert Einstein und die Schweiz. Zürich: Europa-Verlag, 1952.)

———, ed. 1956b. Helle Zeit, Dunkle Zeit: In Memoriam Albert Einstein. Zürich: Europa-Verlag.

Singh, Simon. 2004. Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe. New York: Harper-Collins.

Solovine, Maurice. 1987. Albert Einstein: Letters to Solovine. New York: Philosophical Library.

Sonnert, Gerhard. 2005. Einstein and Culture. Amherst, N.Y.: Humanity Books.

Speziali, Maurice, ed. 1956. Albert Einstein–Michele Besso, Correspondence 1903–1955. Paris: Hermann.

Stachel, John. 1980. “Einstein and the Rigidly Rotating Disk.” In A. Held, ed., General Relativity and Gravitation: A Hundred Years after the Birth of Einstein. New York: Plenum, 1–15.

———. 1987. “How Einstein Discovered General Relativity.” In M. A. H. MacCallum, ed., General Relativity and Gravitation: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 200–208.

———. 1989a. “The Rigidly Rotating Disk as the Missing Link in the History of General Relativity.” In Howard and Stachel 1989.

———. 1989b. “Einstein’s Search for General Covariance, 1912–1915.” In Howard and Stachel 1989.

———. 1998. Einstein’s Miraculous Year: Five Papers That Changed the Face of Physics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

———. 2002a. Einstein from “B” to “Z.” Boston: Birkhäuser.

———. 2002b. “What Song the Syrens Sang: How Did Einstein Discover Special Relativity?” In Stachel 2002a.

———. 2002c. “Einstein and Ether Drift Experiments.” In Stachel 2002a.

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