prefix | meaning | example |
---|---|---|
a-(an-) | 1、on,in,at (常只做表语) |
abreast, abroad, adrift, afoot, abed, ablaze, above |
2、无,非 | asexual, asymmetry, amoral | |
ab-(abs-) | 脱离、离开 | abstract, abduct, aberrant, abnormal, abolish, abort abrade, abrogate, abrupt abdicate, abnegate, abandon, abstain, abuse absent absolve absorb |
aceto-(acet-) | (化)醋酸的 | acetic, acetonitrile |
ad- | 到…,表动向、方向、缩小、变化、附加、增加 | advance, adverse, adjoin, adjourn, admix, adduct, adhere, adsum |
aer-(aero-) | 空气的、空中的,飞机用的 | aerial, aeronaut, aerate, aerodrome |
afore- | 在前,以前 | aforementioned, aforesaid, aforecited |
amph-(amphi-) | 两种,两侧,两者,周围 | amphibian, amphimixis |
ana- | 在上方,后,逆转,再 | anadromous, anamnesis, analogy |
ante- | 在前,以前 | antecedent, antedate, antechamber, antemeridiem, antenatal, anterior, anteroom |
anti-(ant-) | 反对,叛逆,对抗,(美术、文学等)反传统式样 | antipathy, antibody, antipope, anti-novel |
arch- | 首位的、最高的、主要的、非常的、最初 | archbishop, arch-ememy, archaic, archaeology |
auto-(aut-) | 本身的、独自的 | autobiography, automate |
be- | 1、—vt,全面、完全、过度 | besmear, belabour |
2、—vi→vt, | bemoan, bestride | |
3、除去 | behead, bereave | |
4、—adj or N,做…、使…、 | befool, befoul, beware | |
5、-N,"以…围绕,给与… | becloud, befriend | |
bi- | 二次的、双重的、二个的 | bifid, bifurcate, bigramy, bipartite |
bio- | 生命的,生物学的 | biography, biological |
cata-(cat-,cath-) | 向下的、相反的、反对的、错误的 | catadromous, catachresis, catacomb |
cent-(centi-) | 100、1/100 | centimetre, centenary, centigrade, centigram |
circum- | 环绕于,在四周 | circumambient, circumambulate |
co- | 共同、共通、相互、余、补 | cooperate, cobelligerent, coincide, correspond |
com-(con-) | 和…共同 | combination, concurrent, collaborate |
contra- | 逆、反 | contradict, contraband, contraceptive, contractile, contradistinguish, contrariety, contrariwise |
counter- | 对抗、报复、敌对、匹敌 | counter-current, counteract, counterattack, counterbalance, counterblast, countercharge, counterfeit, counterfoil |
de- | 下降、分离、彻底、除去 | descend, deduct, denude, dehorn, demerit |
deca- | 十倍 | decade, decagram, decametre |
deci- | 十分之一 | decimal |
demi- | 一半 | demi-mondaine |
di- | 二的、二次的、二倍的 | dioxide, diarchy, dicephalous, diatomic |
dia- | 通过、完全的、分离、穿越 | diameter, diabolic, diacritical |
diplo- | 二重的、双、复 | diplococcus, dipolar |
dis- | 1、分离、除去 | distinguish, dispose |
2、否定、反对 | dishonest, disabuse, disability, disable | |
3、(强调否定)完全 | disannul, disembowel | |
dys- | 恶性、不良 | dysgenic, dyslogistic, dyspepsia, dystrophy |
en-(em-) | 1、置于名词前,置于…之中 | engulf, embed, encage, encase, encircle |
en-(em-) | 2、置于名词或形容词前,使成 | ensalve, enable, enact, encamp, encash |
en-(em-) | 3、置于动词前,在之中 | endocarp, enchant |
equi- | 相等 | equidistant, equilibrate, equipoise, equipollent, equiponderate |
eu- | 良好 | eulogy, eugenic, eulogize, eupeptic, euphony, eurhythmic, euthanasia |
ex- | 1、动词字首,由…出来、完全地 | exit, excruciate, |
2、形容词字首,无…、失去… | exsanguine, exclude | |
3、名词字首,从前的 | ex-president | |
extra- | …之外的、范围外的 | extraneous, extrajudicial, extramarital, extramundane, extramural |
fore- | 之前,在前、事前、预先的、先前的 | foreshorten, foreordain, forefather |
hemi- | 一半 | hemicycle, hemisphere |
homo- | 同一 | homocentric, homogeneous, homologize, homologate, homologous |
hydro- | 水的、水肿的、氢的 | hydrodynamic, hydroelectric |
hyper- | 在…之上、超越的、非常的、过度的 | hypertension, hypersonic, hyperphysical |
hypo- | 在…之下,以下的,少许的(化)次 | hypodermic, hypogastrium, hypogeal |
il- | 无、不(字首为L的词前) | illegal, illegible, illegitimate |
im- | 无、不(字首为b,p,m的词前) | imbalance, immaterial, impassable |
in- | in,on,into, towards,against |
incorporated, include |
in- | 无、不 | inaccurate, inaccessible, inactive |
inter- | 在…之中,在…之间,表相互关系 | interact, interchange |
ir- | 无、不(字首为R的词前) | irregular, irrelative |
macro | 大的 | macrocosm, macrocephalic |
mega-(meg-) | 巨大的,100万倍的、兆 | megacycle, megacephalic, megalith, megaphone, megaton, megawatt |
micro- | 小的、1/100万、 | microampere, microfarad |
milli- | 千分之一 | milligramme |
mini- | 非常小的,小型的、小规模的 | minibus, miniature, minimal, minimize, minimum |
mis- | 1、错误的(地),差错地(地) | misalliance, misapply, misapprehend |
2、坏的(地),恶意的(地) | misbehave, mischance, mischief | |
3、不利地 | misadventure | |
mono- | 单独的,单一的 | monoculture, monochrome, monogamy, monologue, monopolize |
multi- | 大量的,多数的 | multicolor, multifarious, multiformity, multilateral, multiply |
non- | 与名词、形容词连用:不、非、无 | non-logical, nonage, nonchalant |
on- | 与动词连用形成名词、形容词 | onset .oncoming, ongoing |
out- | 外面的、分离的、在…之外的、过度的、以便胜过 | outline, outhouse, out-door, outgrow, outrun |
over- | 在上、越过、上面的、外面的、超越、过度的 | overhang, overcoat, overpower, overwork |
pan- | 全部 | pan-African, pandemic, panoply |
para- | 侧面、超越、错误、不规则 | parabola, paradise, paradox |
per- | 完全、非常、直接破坏为止、向坏的方向、(化)过 | perturb, pervert, peroxide, perambulate |
post- | 时间之后,场所之后 | post-war, posterior, posterity, postern, postgraduate |
pre- | 以前的、前有的 | prearrage, preengangement, prefix |
preter- | 超、过 | preterhuman, preternatural |
pro- | 前、在前、代替、赞成、偏袒 | prohibit, procathedral, pro-Communist, probationary |
pseudo- | 假冒的、假的、假装的、疑似的 | pseudo-science, pseudograph, pseudonym |
re- | 1、再一次、重新 | readjust, rebuild |
2、反复 | redouble | |
3、返回、恢复原状 | recall, retreat | |
4、在…之后 | remain | |
retro- | 向后、倒退、追溯 | retrospect, retroact , retrocede, retroflex, retrogress |
self- | 自身的、自己的 | self-abuse, self-acting, self-assurance |
semi- | 一半、部分地、不完全地、两次 | semiannual, semicircle |
step- | 姻亲关系的、继 | stepchild |
sub- | 1、下、稍微、约略、近、附属、助理、更、再 | submerge, subalpine, subeditor, subdivide, |
2、在c,f,g,m,r,s之前常变为 suc -,suf-,sug-, sum-,sur-,sus- |
succinct, suffragan, surrealistic | |
super- | 在…之上、更加、附加的、比…优越、超越、过度 | superimpose, superscribe, superadd |
sym- | 一起 | symbiosis, sympathy |
syn- | 共同,同时、相似 | synchronous, synonym |
tele- | 远的、远距离的、为电视的 | telephone, telescope |
theo- | 神的 | theocentric, theocracy |
trans- | 横过,越过、贯通、在另一边、转变为、超越 | transcontinental, transpierce, transatlantic, transform |
tri- | 三、三层、三重、三倍 | triad, triangle |
ultra- | 超过、…范围之外、超…、过于、极端的 | ultra-conservative, ultra-fashionable |
un- | 1、加动词,相反的行为及状态 | unlock |
2、附加于否定意义的动词前强调否定意义 | unloose | |
3、加名词,去除原来的性质、形态 | unfrock | |
4、加形容词,副词、名词表示否定 | unconscious, unmistakably, untruth | |
under- | 1、下面的、下方的、次于、低于、从属于 | underground, under-side |
2、接动词及其衍生词表不完全地,不充分地 | underdeveloped, under-sexed | |
uni- | 单一的 | unicameral, unicellular, uniform |
vice- | 1、代理的、副的、次的 | vice-chairman |